新東方白易禮：英語四級考試語法筆記(七)

　　注意事項：

　　(1)在非正式場合， that有時可用來代替關(guān)系副詞或相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞的“介詞+which”，而且經(jīng)常全部省略，

　　如：In all the years that (=when/during which) I was at collage

　　在我讀大學(xué)的那些年里

　　the reason that(=why/for which)he is not happy

　　他不高興的理由

　　The direction(that)(=in which )the heavenly bodies move can’t be changed.

　　天體運(yùn)行的方向是不可改變的。

　　He is unpopular because people don’t like the offensive way (that)(=in which) he talks.

　　他不受歡迎的原因是他說話的方式讓人討厭。

　　(2)是用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞：

　　關(guān)系詞(包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)是學(xué)習(xí)英語定語從句的關(guān)鍵。用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞，一要看關(guān)系詞在從句當(dāng)中作什么成分;二要看關(guān)系詞所代表的是人、物、時間、地點(diǎn)還是原因;三要看所引導(dǎo)的是限定性定語從句還是非限定性定語從句。所以同樣的先行詞會有不同的關(guān)系詞，這是因為關(guān)系詞在從句當(dāng)中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)淖饔貌煌�而決定的。

　　如：This is the room where/in which we’ll celebrate the New Year.

　　這是我們將要在里面慶賀新年的房間。(充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語)

　　This is the room(that /which)we’ll celebrate the New Year in.

　　這是我們將要在里面慶賀新年的房間。(充當(dāng)介詞賓語，可省略。)

　　This is the room which /that will be used for the celebration of the New Year.

　　這是那個將要被用來慶賀新年的房間。(充當(dāng)主語)

　　This is the room (which/that) we’ll use for the New Year dinner party.

　　這是我們將要用來舉行新年晚宴的房間。(充當(dāng)賓語，可省略。)

　　The reason (that /which) he had given was not sound enough.

　　他給的理由不夠充分。(充當(dāng)賓語，可省略)

　　The reason why/for which he had done that was not sound enough.

　　他做那件事的理由不夠充分。(充當(dāng)原因狀語)

　　This is the house where she lives.這是她住的房子。

　　【比較：This is the house (that/which) she has bought. 這是她買的房子。This is the house that/which I’ve told you is extremely expensive.這就是我和你說過極其昂貴的那幢房子�！�

　　I met him in the year when I was first in Xi’an.

　　我剛到西安的那年遇到了他。

　　That is the reason why he did not come that morning.

　　那就是那天上午他沒來的原因。

　　(3)定語從句中的時態(tài)。如果主句是一般將來時或過去將來時，從句的動作與主句的同時發(fā)生，那么該從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時、用一般過去時表示過去將來時。

　　例：Anyone who/that touches the wire will get an electric shock.

　　任何碰這根電線的人將受到電擊。(不用will touch)

　　I would give her anything that she asked for.