新東方白易禮：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法筆記(一)

　　3)星期一有個(gè)外國(guó)朋友來(lái)參觀過(guò)我們學(xué)校了。

　　A foreign friend visited our school on Monday.

　　4)我上中學(xué)的時(shí)候總是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。

　　I used to get up at six when I was at middle school.

　　5)周總理曾經(jīng)常在這里辦公。

　　Premier Zhou used to work here.

　　6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　(1)構(gòu)成：由助動(dòng)詞be 的過(guò)去式 + 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。其中be有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第一、第三人稱單數(shù)用was，其他用were.

　　1)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞主要表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與過(guò)去時(shí)配合使用。例如：

　　This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們正在上英語(yǔ)課。

　　The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 老師在給我們上課時(shí)，湯姆走進(jìn)教室。

　　While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我們吃飯的時(shí)候，燈滅了。

　　He was reading while she was setting the table. 她擺桌子時(shí)，他在讀書。

　　It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天漸漸黑下來(lái)了。風(fēng)勢(shì)增強(qiáng)了。

　　2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞常用always, continually, frequently 等詞連用，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為。這種用法表明帶有的感情色彩。例如：

　　The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 兩兄弟小時(shí)候常吵架。

　　In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝時(shí)，中國(guó)總是對(duì)西方列強(qiáng)妥協(xié)。

　　翻譯練習(xí)：

　　1)我記得他哥哥上小學(xué)時(shí)經(jīng)常在課堂上提問(wèn)題。

　　I remember his brother was constantly asking questions in class when he was at primary school.

　　2)我母親做飯的時(shí)候，我父親在抽煙。

　　While my mother was cooking, my father was smoking.

　　3)我正在寫東西，小明把燈關(guān)了。

　　When I was writing, Xiao Ming turned off the light.

　　4)夕陽(yáng)西下，天漸漸黑下來(lái)了。

　　The sun was setting. It was getting dark.

　　5)你走進(jìn)他們的房間時(shí)，他們正在聽廣播嗎?

　　Were they listening to the broadcast when you entered their room?

　　6)她給你打電話的時(shí)候，你在干什么?

　　What were you doing when she called you on the phone?

　　7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　(1)構(gòu)成：一律用had + 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。

　　(2)用法：

　　1)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前的事情，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，必須有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間或動(dòng)作來(lái)作參照，說(shuō)明在此之前某事已發(fā)生。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是在過(guò)去發(fā)生的，先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

　　She told me she had been there three times before. 她告訴我她以前到過(guò)那里三次。(“去過(guò)”發(fā)生在“告訴”之前)

　　How long had he taught here by the end of last term? 到上學(xué)期末為止，他在這里教學(xué)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間啦? (“教學(xué)”發(fā)生在上學(xué)期末結(jié)束之前)

　　When we arrived, the football match had already begun. 我們到的時(shí)候，足球賽已經(jīng)開始了。

　　She had visited China twice before she came this year. 她今年來(lái)中國(guó)之前已訪問(wèn)過(guò)中國(guó)兩次了。