新東方白易禮：英語四級考試語法筆記(一)

　　2)過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，這一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)刻或?qū)⒗^續(xù)下去。例如：

　　By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 到上月中旬，我已在北京住了五年了。

　　By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours. 到六點(diǎn)為止，他們已工作八小時(shí)了。

　　When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我到上海時(shí)，他在那里很長時(shí)間了。

　　3)過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞常用于間接引語和虛擬語氣，我們以后會詳細(xì)講述。

　　4)此外，過去完成時(shí)常用于 no sooner…than… 和 hardly(scarcely) …when… 這兩個(gè)句型，前面部分用過去完成時(shí)，后面部分用一般過去時(shí)。例如：

　　No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 他剛偷到錢包就被當(dāng)場抓獲。

　　Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured. 薩達(dá)姆還沒有意識到在發(fā)生什么事情就被抓獲了。

　　翻譯練習(xí)：

　　1)很幸運(yùn)，下雨前我們已經(jīng)到家了。

　　Luckily, we had got home before it began to rain.

　　2)張華說他的筆記本丟了。

　　Zhang Hua said he had lost his notebook.

　　3)他曾告訴過我，會議兩點(diǎn)鐘開�？墒钱�(dāng)我到了以后，我還得等到兩點(diǎn)半。

　　He had told me that the meeting was at 2, but when I arrived I had to wait till 2:30.

　　4)他在這里住了兩三天，才覺得沒有什么拘束(feel at home)。

　　When he had stayed here for two or three days, he began to feel at home.

　　8、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　(1)形式：had been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　(2)用法：表示一直持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的行為動(dòng)作，此行為動(dòng)作或剛結(jié)束、或還沒結(jié)束(可以從上下文看出)。這一時(shí)態(tài)經(jīng)常與一般過去時(shí)一起使用。例如：

　　When he came in, I had been trying to repair the TV for a couple of hours. 他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，我一直在努力修理電視機(jī)好幾個(gè)小時(shí)了

　　The roads were dangerous. It had been raining for two whole days. 道路很危險(xiǎn)。雨一直下了兩整天。

　　They were tired because they had been digging since dawn. 他們累了，因?yàn)閺奶炝灵_始他們就一直在挖。

　　The boy was delighted with the new mountain bike. He had been hoping for one for a long time. 那男孩得到一輛新山地自行車很高興。很長時(shí)間來他一直希望有一輛。

　　9、一般將來時(shí)

　　一般將來時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。主要有以下幾種表現(xiàn)形式：

　　(1)shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形

　　表示單純的將來，不涉及主語的主觀意愿。第一人稱I, we用shall 或will，其余用will. 其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：