①【解析】這個句子由兩部分組成,主語都是“part time education”,第一部分的“that is…”做主語的同位語。 第二部分的謂語由兩部分組成,即“tends to…”和“…puts…”。
【譯文】函授教育就是在晚間或者一個月的每個周末去學校上課,這種教育傾向于把時間拖得很長,并且很多人難于完成這種學位。
、凇窘馕觥看司浣Y構比較簡單,主要要求考生掌握一些常用詞,如“airmail”,“facsimile machine”,“teleconferencing”等。
【譯文】教師的輔導可以通過定期的航空郵件、電話、傳真和電話會議以及因特網(wǎng)等方式進行。
答案與詳解
【短文大意】本文主要通過函授教育和遠程教育的比較,來說明遠程教育的優(yōu)點。
1.A推斷題。問題問及選項中哪個不是業(yè)余教育的缺點。依據(jù)文章第一段中nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time可以看出,參加全日制學習需要中斷自己的事業(yè),在第二段中作者又說Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. 業(yè)余教育,只需要晚上和周末學習,因此需要中斷自己的事業(yè)不是部分時間教育的缺點。而其他選項都是文章提及的part time education的不利條件。
2.D細節(jié)題。文章提到的優(yōu)缺點是幾種教育方式之間的比較,問題問及哪個選項的內(nèi)容不是遠程教育的優(yōu)點。前三個選項,A.“學生可以選擇自己的進度”,B.“學生可以在他(或她)方便的時候學習”,C.“在學習的同時還可以追求自己的事業(yè)”都是文章中提及的與另兩種方式比較的優(yōu)點。在文章第二段最后,作者指出Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. 輔導可以通過定期的航空郵件、電話、傳真和電話會議以及因特網(wǎng)等方式進行,作者只是提出了一種可能,實際上是彌補distance education的不足的一個建議,并不是遠程教育(函授)的優(yōu)點。因此選項D符合題意。
3.D細節(jié)題。選項A、B、C在文章中都沒有提及,依據(jù)文章最后一段,a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business 一個良好的遠程教育計劃不僅對個人有好處,而且對那些公司或者商業(yè)機構來說也是意義重大。選項D說的也正是這個意思,故為正確選項。
4.C細節(jié)題。意為:教授和學生之間的關系是嚴格地“一對一的”,而這不符合作者意圖,參見原文末段,individuality 并不是意指嚴格地“一對一”。
5.A細節(jié)題。注意本題與上題的區(qū)別,上一題問及遠程教育對公司的好處,本題則是遠程教育對職工,也就是個人的好處。同樣依據(jù)文章最后一段,a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. 遠程教育可以幫助雇員提高教育素質和職業(yè)技能從而促使事業(yè)的發(fā)展,正確選項為A。
參考譯文
現(xiàn)在,那些想繼續(xù)接受教育的人,都面臨著許多選擇。然而,幾乎所有的人都會中斷事業(yè)去參加學校的全日制課程。
函授教育是晚間或一個月的每個周末去學校上課,這種教育傾向于把時間拖得很長,并且很多人難于完成這種學位。而且,這種課程有固定的時間,這也對參加者的工作和生活帶來一定的負面影響。
在關于教學的眾多方法中,遠程教育或許是最方便,最具靈活性的了。遠程教育允許學生根據(jù)自己的進度靈活變通地進行學習,直到達到教學要求的目標。這種教育方法在現(xiàn)代世界中是十分必要的,課程要求的學習時間可以根據(jù)個人生活中的其它需要而暫時擱置或另作安排。此外,學生在工作的同時就可以在世界上的任何地方學習遠程教育的課程。教師的輔導可以通過定期的航空郵件、電話、傳真和電話會議以及因特網(wǎng)等方式進行。
良好的遠程教育計劃以每一科目都具有課程評估方法為特征。
這樣就省去了學生必須從家跑到學校參加考試的麻煩。另一個特征是遠程教育課程所采用的學習資料與在校生的學習資料是一樣的。無論參加的是遠程教育還是學校教育,學生所取得的文憑與學位都是一樣的。還有一個特征是,教授與學生的關系是一對一的。從最后的分析中可以看到,一個良好的遠程教育計劃不僅對學生個人有好處,而且對公司或商業(yè)機構來說也是意義重大,它可以幫助雇員提高教育素質,職業(yè)技能從而促進事業(yè)發(fā)展。因此,支持雇員參加遠程教育課程會使公司具備一種優(yōu)勢,那就是擁有一批有職業(yè)頭腦并為個人和職業(yè)發(fā)展不斷進步的員工。
Passage 8建議用時:6.5分鐘From:To:
One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.
Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking - still in private rather than in public - whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990’s.
『Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? 』①This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent and they must be disinterested… They are places to which men can turn for judgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. 『Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgement is impaired.”』②
This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in bringing the nation’s ideals and actions together.
Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 『They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s.』③
1. The issues in the debate on Harvard’s goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .
A. fight militarism
B. overcome the widespread drug dependency
C. take an active part in solving society’s ills
D. support our old and established institutions
2. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harvard men are becoming .
A. more sure about them
B. less sure about them
C. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer
D. completely disillusioned about ever
3. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .
A. a parenthetical expression
B. a difficult puzzle
C. an abnormal condition
D. a self-contradiction
4. The word “sanctuary”in paragraph 3 is.
A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god
B. a temple or nunnery of middle age
C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps
D. an academy for intelligent people
5. In the author’s judgement, the ferment going on at Harvard .
A. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment
B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change
C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends
D. will influence future life in America
Vocabulary
1.paradox n. 似非而是的論點;似非而可能是的雋語;自相矛盾的話
2.sanctuary n. 避難所
3.clapboard n. 隔板,墻板,桶板
4.distinguished adj. 卓著的,著名的,高貴的
5.partisanship n. 黨派性,黨派偏見
6.disinterested adj. 無私的
7.impair v. 削弱,傷害
8.militant adj. 好戰(zhàn)的,戰(zhàn)斗性的
9.be bound to 一定要……
長難句解析
、佟窘馕觥看司溆蓛蓚并列的句子組成,“apart from…”做第一個句子“sanctuary”的補語。
【譯文】哈佛或其它一些大學應當是一個智力的避難所,遠離當今的政治和社會變革;還應當是政治和社會變革的一塊實驗基地,或者甚至是革命的一部發(fā)動機呢?
、凇窘馕觥績蓚“the moment”引導的句子做此句的時間狀語從句。
【譯文】顯然,當大學處于政治和私有企業(yè)的控制下,或者他們自己從事政治和政府的領導時,他們作為獨立和公正判斷的價值觀將會收到傷害。
、邸窘馕觥窟@個長句由三個句子組成,“but”引導了一個轉折句,“and”引導了一個并列句。be bound to“肯定會,必定”。
【譯文】他們甚至不清楚應當怎樣討論和解決他們的問題,但是他們每個人正在奮斗,并且哈佛大學議論的結果必定影響20世紀90年代美國的大學和政治生活。
答案與詳解
【短文大意】本文主要講述哈佛大學正面臨的一個重要的爭論,即一所大學應當是什么樣的,現(xiàn)在的大學是否是符合標準的,哈佛大學應當遠離政治和社會,還是作為政治和社會的一塊實驗田。
1.C細節(jié)題。文章第三段實際上已經(jīng)告訴我們本文要討論的議題。選項C提到的觀點是“大學應該保持獨立”這一論點的對立面,屬議題范圍之內(nèi)。
2.B細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章末段,Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 可知正確選項為B。
3.D詞匯題。從第四段我們可以猜出paradox是“自相矛盾”的意思。因此選項D正確。
4.C詞匯題。意為:“Sanctuary”就是你可躲起來避過災禍的地方。在中世紀一般是某些教堂或者修道院可以充當躲避任何政府懲罰的避難所,所以A、B兩項也是與它詞義有一點關聯(lián)的,D關系最小。
5.D觀點題。根據(jù)文章末尾,and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s. 作者認為在哈佛的爭論的結果一定會影響美國的大學和政治生活。本題中的ferment意為“騷動,紛擾”,指的就是文章所說的爭論。因此D符合作者的觀點。