should
。ㄓ米髑閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),有時(shí)表示具體的意思,有時(shí)卻沒(méi)有意義。主要用于下面幾個(gè)方面。)
1)表示出于職責(zé)、義務(wù)該做某事
You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .
你不應(yīng)該匆匆忙忙地作出這么一個(gè)決定。
You should write to your parents at least once a month .
你應(yīng)該至少每月給你父母親寫(xiě)一封信。
We should read English aloud every morning .
我們應(yīng)該每天早晨朗讀英文。
They should do it for their own good .
為了他們自己利益他們應(yīng)該做這件事。
2)表示對(duì)某種情況的估計(jì)
She shouldn't be out in such an early morning .
她不會(huì)這么一大早就出去了吧。
The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices .
人們可能會(huì)從各種上漲的物價(jià)中感覺(jué)到這種稅的影響的。
The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.這次事件可能會(huì)將他們引向更嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。
This book should be published in two months at most .
這本書(shū)最多兩個(gè)月后就會(huì)出版的。
3)表示驚訝、失望等情緒
I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.
我認(rèn)為,竟然每個(gè)人都如此傷心就太糟糕了。
Why should I pay him for nothing ? 我干嗎要無(wú)為地付給他錢?
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me .
這件事竟然發(fā)生在我身上似乎太不公平了。
It's strange that it should be so cold today .奇怪,今天怎么會(huì)這么冷。
4)用于某些從句中表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣
The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized .
大夫堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為那個(gè)女孩要住院治療。
If it had not been for the doctor's care the girl should not be speaking to you now .要不是由于大夫的精心照料,這個(gè)女孩現(xiàn)在就不能與你說(shuō)話了。
She stood away so that he should enter the room first .
她讓到一邊,好讓他第一個(gè)進(jìn)入房間。
I'll write it down lest I should forget it 我將它記下以免遺忘。
Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain .
帶上雨傘,以防萬(wàn)一下雨。
will , would
(would可以看作是will的過(guò)去式,這兩個(gè)詞除了時(shí)態(tài)不相同外,在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相近的。當(dāng)然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的獨(dú)特用法。)
1)用于第二人稱疑問(wèn)句,表示請(qǐng)求(在這種用法中would使語(yǔ)氣更為客氣、委婉)
Will you tell her that I'll be back in twenty minutes ?
請(qǐng)告訴她我二十分鐘后回來(lái),好嗎?
If you want help, just let me know , will you ?
你需要幫助就告訴我,好嗎?
Won't you come in and have a little whisky ?
你要不要進(jìn)來(lái)喝一點(diǎn)兒威士忌?(或是:你進(jìn)來(lái)喝一點(diǎn)兒威士忌,好嗎?)
Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center ?
您能告訴我怎么去購(gòu)物中心嗎?
2)用于表示愿望
Go where you will .去你想去的地方吧。
I will pay you at the rate you ask .我會(huì)按你要的利率付給你錢的。
He wouldn't let the doctor take his blood pressure .他不愿意讓大夫給他量血壓。
They had to obey whether they would or not .他們不得不遵從他們的意愿。
3)表示習(xí)慣、傾向(可譯成"總是會(huì)、老是,等" )
Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon .
有時(shí)侯,那只貓總是整個(gè)下午都躺在那兒。
Oil and water will not mix .油和水決不能調(diào)和。
He would sit there for hours , doing nothing at all .
他總是在那兒一坐就是幾個(gè)小時(shí),什么都不干。
4)表示猜測(cè)(可譯成"一定是……、想必……,等" )
This will be the house you're looking for .這想必就是你要找的房子吧。
He will have gone back to New Zealand .他一定是回新西蘭去了。
The person you mentioned would be the father , is that right ?
你說(shuō)的那個(gè)人一定是爸爸了,對(duì)嗎?
That would be in 1999 , I think .那大概是在1999年吧。
5)will用于表示決心(可譯成"一定要,決心,等" )
We will never talk about that subject again .
我們決不會(huì)再談?wù)撨@個(gè)話題了。
I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night .
我即使整晚不睡覺(jué)也一定要讓這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)工作起來(lái)。
6)would常用于虛擬條件句,表示與事實(shí)相反或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況
But for your help we would have been late .要不是你幫忙我們就遲到了。
Well , I wouldn't worry about it . It won't do me any good .
好了,我不會(huì)擔(dān)心那件事的,因?yàn)樗粫?huì)給我?guī)?lái)什么好處。
2. 關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面接進(jìn)行式和完成式的情況
一般說(shuō)來(lái),"進(jìn)行式"表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行;"完成式"則表示動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去或是表示按理是發(fā)生了但事實(shí)上卻沒(méi)有發(fā)生。下面我們分別討論一下各種具體情況。
A. 關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面接進(jìn)行式的情況
can后面接進(jìn)行式 表示可能正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,例如:
What can she be doing at this moment ? 這個(gè)時(shí)候她會(huì)在做什么呢?
You can't be telling us the truth.你不可能在對(duì)我將真話。
Can he be still thinking of it I told him ?
他會(huì)不會(huì)還在考慮我告訴他的那件事呢?
may后面接進(jìn)行式表示可能正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,例如:
Your mother may be waiting for you to return home .
你媽媽可能正等著你回家吧。
She may be leaving for New York tomorrow or some day .
她或許明天或者什么時(shí)候會(huì)動(dòng)身去紐約。
They may be returning back before Christmas .他可能圣誕節(jié)前回來(lái)。
might后面接進(jìn)行式表示可能正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,例如:
They might be planning to make a loan for their new project .
他們也許在為他們的新項(xiàng)目策劃貸款的事。
She might still be crying for being wronged .
她或許因?yàn)槭芰嗽┩鬟在啼哭。
You might be telling me a lie .你也許在對(duì)我撒謊。
must后面接進(jìn)行式 表示想必正在做某事,例如:
You must be thinking where I learned it .你一定在想我是從哪兒知道這件事的。
They must be following us just a little behind us .
他們肯定在離我們不遠(yuǎn)的地方尾隨著我們。
My brother must be sleeping in bed for it's so quiet in the house .
家里這么安靜,我弟弟一定在床上睡覺(jué)。
should后面接進(jìn)行式表示應(yīng)該正在做某事,例如:
You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV.
現(xiàn)在你該在做作業(yè)而不是看電視。
You shouldn't be thinking about the solution only in one way .
你不應(yīng)該只用一種方法考慮解決問(wèn)題的辦法。
Why should I be waiting here without doing anything ?
我憑什么在這兒白等。
B.關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面接完成式的情況
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