1)各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞自身都有一定的詞義。
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。
3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中不受任何人稱,性,數(shù)變化的影響。
4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接的不定式(除ought外)都不帶to ,即接動(dòng)詞原形。
英文中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有:can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ,另外,shall , will , should , would在一定的場(chǎng)合也可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如:
He can speak five languages .他會(huì)說(shuō)五種語(yǔ)言。
She must have arrived home by now .現(xiàn)在她準(zhǔn)到家了。
We should study hard for our motherland . 我們應(yīng)該為祖國(guó)而努力學(xué)習(xí)。
They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time
for them . 他們還有足夠的時(shí)間,用不著這么慌張。
1. 常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
can , could 能,會(huì)
(could可以看作是can的過(guò)去式,這兩個(gè)詞除了時(shí)態(tài)不相同外,在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相同的。當(dāng)然could也有自己獨(dú)特的用法。)
1)表示腦力或體力上的能力
Nobody can stop the development of science .
誰(shuí)也無(wú)法阻止科學(xué)的發(fā)展。
She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。
He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters .
他能潛入約二十米深的水中。
He could hardly support his family before he found the new job .他在找到那份新工作前幾乎無(wú) 法養(yǎng)家。
I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith .
我聽(tīng)不懂史密斯先生作的那個(gè)關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)的講座。
2)表示客觀上的可能性
You can borrow this useful book from the library .
你可以從圖書館借到這種有用的書。
A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更適合這份工作的人了。
Now people can skate on the lake .現(xiàn)在人們可以在湖上滑冰了。
When the storm stopped , the plane could take off .
當(dāng)風(fēng)暴停下來(lái)時(shí),飛機(jī)可以起飛了不得。
3)表示主觀上的允許
Can I ask you some questions about it ?
我可以問(wèn)你有關(guān)這件事的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎?
You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回來(lái)你才能離開(kāi)。
Such kind of thing can't happen any more later .
這類事以后不準(zhǔn)再發(fā)生了。
Can you tell me how to get to the airport ? 你能告訴我怎么去機(jī)場(chǎng)嗎?
Could you tell me how to get to the airport ?
您能告訴我怎么去機(jī)場(chǎng)嗎?
Could I be forgiven my negligence ? 請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业氖韬,行嗎?/P>
4)(用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中)表示猜測(cè)、懷疑或驚詫
How can / could you be here ? 你怎么會(huì)在這兒?
She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that .
她不可能蠢得去做那種事吧。
He couldn't / can't be over seventy .他不可能有七十多歲了。
Where could / can the boy be now ? 那孩子現(xiàn)在能在哪兒呢?
另外,could還常用于表示較客氣委婉的看法、提問(wèn)及用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)中。這時(shí)候,could就不可以看作是can的過(guò)去式了。而是could自己獨(dú)特的用法。如:
Could you speak a little slowly ?
您能稍微說(shuō)慢一點(diǎn)兒?jiǎn)幔?/P>
I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment .
恐怕我們這時(shí)候還無(wú)法給予您任何確切的答復(fù)。
I could come earlier if asked .
如果要讓我早一點(diǎn)來(lái),我可以來(lái)早一點(diǎn)。
We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help .
如果您能為我們提供幫助的話,我們將不甚感激。
You could have done better if you had worked harder at it .
如果你再加把勁,本來(lái)可以干得更好一些的。
may , might 或許,可能,可以
。╩ight可以看作是may的過(guò)去式,這兩個(gè)詞除了時(shí)態(tài)不相同外,在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相近的。當(dāng)然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的獨(dú)特用法。)
1)可能性
I may be busy from tomorrow on .從明天起我可能會(huì)忙起來(lái)。
You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning .你在早晨五點(diǎn)鐘以前起來(lái),或許能從這兒看到日出。
I wondered if they might agree with the idea .我想知道他們是否會(huì)同意這種想法。
She thought it might be wise to try her luck here .
她認(rèn)為在這兒碰碰運(yùn)氣也不錯(cuò)。
2)表示允許
May I come in ? 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?
I'd like to have a smoke here if I may .
如果可以的話我想在這兒抽一支煙。
The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days .
圖書館理員告訴她說(shuō),她可以在三天后還那本書。
At the press conference , a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue.
在記者招待會(huì)上,一位新聞?dòng)浾邌?wèn)大會(huì)主席她是否能提一個(gè)有關(guān)臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題方面的問(wèn)題。
3) may間或用來(lái)表示祝愿,也常用于表示目的或讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句中:
May that day come soon .但愿這天早日到來(lái)。
May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game .
祝愿你比賽奪冠成功。
May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuccesses .
祝愿你繼續(xù)努力并取得更大的成功。
4) might也常用于表示目的等狀語(yǔ)從句中,或用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)中:
I could not convince him , try as I might .我無(wú)論用什么樣的辦法也不能說(shuō)服他。
They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train .
那天,他們?yōu)榱粟s上頭班車動(dòng)身早一些。
He died so that the others might live .
為了其他的人能活下去,他自己犧牲了。
If you had made better use of your time , you might have learned more .假若你將自己的時(shí)間利用得更好一些,你本可以學(xué)到更多東西的。
One error in calculation might ruin the whole project .
計(jì)算中出一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)就可能毀掉整個(gè)工程。
注意:在回答以may引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句時(shí),一般說(shuō)來(lái)避免使用may,以免顯得太嚴(yán)厲、或不太客氣,而改用其他方式。例如:
--May I come in ? --Yes , please .請(qǐng)進(jìn)。
我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎? --Sure . / Certainly . .請(qǐng)進(jìn)。
--Please don't . .請(qǐng)不要進(jìn)來(lái)。
--No , you mustn't .不行。
must 應(yīng)該,必須,一定
1) 表示出于職責(zé)、義務(wù)該做某事
We must protect people's rights .我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)人民的利益。
Everyone must be loyal to his motherland .
每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該忠于自己的祖國(guó)。
You must serve the people when you grow up .
你們長(zhǎng)大成人時(shí)應(yīng)該服務(wù)于人民。
Students must work hard at their study .
學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。
2)表示出于主觀意識(shí)而必須要做某事
We must speed up the pace of our economic reform .
我們必須加速經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的步伐。
We must keep steps to the scientific development .
我們一定要與科學(xué)的發(fā)展保持一致步調(diào)。
You must hurry up or you'll be late .
你必須得快點(diǎn)兒,不然會(huì)遲到的。
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