準(zhǔn)備四六級(jí)考試的同學(xué)經(jīng)常熱衷于詞匯語法選擇，感覺聽力部分的復(fù)雜語言不多，不值得花費(fèi)時(shí)間深究。而在考試中又往往被聽力部分迷宮一般的語言所迷惑，陷入“山重水復(fù)疑無路”的尷尬。小對(duì)話屬于日�？谡Z對(duì)話內(nèi)容，理解和記憶都不構(gòu)成太大的負(fù)擔(dān)，段落理解題信息量大，復(fù)雜句多，每一段的主題和相關(guān)詞都不一樣，似乎沒有什么規(guī)律可循，在錄音只放一遍的條件下很容易難倒考生。這種題型主要考查學(xué)生四個(gè)層次的能力：語音識(shí)別能力、語言理解能力、短期記憶力和快速判斷能力�？忌谌嬲莆樟怂牧�(jí)詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上，又有意識(shí)地訓(xùn)練了短期記憶力，所欠缺的只是對(duì)段落題出題規(guī)律的了解。如果增加一些這方面的意識(shí)，面對(duì)試題就可以從容不迫了。本人在長期的聽力教學(xué)研究中總結(jié)出了以下思路，供大家參考并進(jìn)一步探討。
四六級(jí)段落題的十大主題及關(guān)鍵考法思路
1. 故事敘述題
【幽默故事或奇聞逸事----災(zāi)難及逃生----通過學(xué)習(xí)提高成熟----謀生故事】
○開篇句引出故事背景及主人公遇到的困境
○主人公作出的計(jì)劃、決定及其原因
○主人公采取的非同尋常的步驟和行為
○故事以生動(dòng)的結(jié)局收尾——通常是主人公所提到的一句意味深長的話（推測(cè)言外之義）
2． 著名人物介紹題
【政治家、總統(tǒng)----藝術(shù)家----商人、企業(yè)家----科學(xué)家----運(yùn)動(dòng)員----在某行業(yè)有影響的人物】
○開篇句對(duì)人物進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)明扼要的介紹，有時(shí)
四六級(jí)段落題中常見的重要信息提示語
聽者在聽音過程中要積極思維、快速反應(yīng)，特別要注意表示句與句之間關(guān)系的信息提示語，并借此發(fā)現(xiàn)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定重要信息。聽者要想從結(jié)構(gòu)上把握篇章，就要順著指示語預(yù)期何時(shí)可能開始談?wù)撘粋�(gè)話題、何時(shí)出現(xiàn)講述的重點(diǎn)以及何時(shí)可能轉(zhuǎn)換話題，請(qǐng)注意以下的信息提示語。
1． 數(shù)字信息及相關(guān)事實(shí)
【普通數(shù)字、小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比、價(jià)格、比率、年代、時(shí)刻】
□ The earth’s crust is divided into seven sections.
□ There are only 24 well qualified male students at the Deep Spring College.
□ A job interview usually lasts from 30 to 45 minutes.
□ Middle English extended from about 1100 to about 1475.
□ “I taught my minority students English and Drama classes in high school for 20 years.
□ Dry ice was first manufactured in 1925.
□ Tuition will be on an average of 9 percent higher this year than last.
2． 因果關(guān)系提示語（原因?yàn)榭疾辄c(diǎn)）
【因?yàn)椋捎? 歸因于（原因在后）】
□as…, since…, because…, now that…, considering…, given…, for reason that…,the reason why…is…, because of…, owing to…, on account of…, as a result of…, for the sake of…, due to…, result from…，thanks to…，attribute…to…
【導(dǎo)致，引起, 成為…原因（原因在前）】
□…cause…, …lead to…, …bring about…, …contribute to…, …result in…, …account for…, trigger off…, …responsible for…, …to blame for…
【因此，所以（原因在前）】
□…and so…, …Therefore…, …Thus…, …Hence…, …As a result…, …That’s why…, …For this reason…, …Accordingly…, …As a consequence…, …Consequently…, so… that…, too…to…
3. 觀點(diǎn)提出及列舉
【觀點(diǎn)論題的提出】
□ Today, I"m going to discuss/ introduce/ talk about/ explain……
□ My speech will focus upon/center around/concentrate on……
□ The subject/topic/propose for today’s lecture/discussion is……
□ Today, people are increasingly concerned about/aware of the gravity of……
□ When it comes to……
【話題的另外一個(gè)方面或反面】
□ Another point I want to mention is ……
□ In addition ..., Besides ..., Apart from ..., Aside from ..., Moreover ..., Furthermore ...,What"s more…
□ On the contrary ..., However ..., But on the other hand..., Conversely ..., By contrast …, ...whereas ... A totally different picture lies in ...
【列舉話題的各個(gè)方面】
□ First/Firstly... …Second/Secondly... …Third/Thirdly… ... Lastly……
□ To begin with.….. Next…… Furthermore…... Finally…...
□ In the first place.….. In the second place…... Moreover…... By the way…...
□ Above all…... In addition…... Then.….. Afterward…... Last but not least…...
□ On the one hand… ... On the other hand…...
□ For one thing…... For another…...
【話題結(jié)束的總結(jié)語】
□In short/brief.……Briefly…...Summing up/To sum up…...Summarizing/To summarize…...To conclude…...In conclusion……As a result…...In general…...Generally speaking…...All in all…...By and large……On the whole…...On this basis…...Given all these aspects…...Everything considered…...Finally, it can be concluded/inferred/deduced that……
4．論說文主題關(guān)鍵詞
【名詞】
□The point / idea / view / opinion / truth / fact / cause / reason / problem / question / answer / solution / explanation / threat / challenge / dilemma / difficulty / method / gist / propose / object / goal / motive / attitude / reaction / plan / first step / only way / controversy / conflict / dispute / argument / proof / evidence / advice / suggestion / proposal / request / requirement / standard / limitation / decision / intention / effect / result / consequence / duty / responsibility / task / danger / trouble / crisis / barrier / hope / possibility / exception / surprise is ……
【動(dòng)詞】
□point out / advance / suggest / advice / emphasize / comment / explain / require / conclude / insist / maintain / hold it true that / believe / stick to / criticize / refute / prove / try to / attempt to / intend to / plan to / dream of / decide to / resolve to / determine to / object to / support / advocate / approve / agree / disapprove / disagree / prefer / claim / declare / deny / admit / endanger / mean
【形容詞（所有形容詞的最高級(jí)形式）】
□important / essential / critical / vital / dangerous / indispensable / necessary / urgent / best / biggest / serious / severe / grave / possible / impossible / likely / unlikely / surprised / unexpected / unusual / disappointed / desperate / special / unique / different / distinctive / direct / difficult / rare
【其它特殊表達(dá)方式】
□the only / the first / the last / except / with the exception of / especially / but / however / nevertheless / otherwise / unless / only if / so long as / on condition that / actually / as a matter of fact
段落理解題的題目設(shè)置規(guī)律
○段首句開門見山引出主題或故事發(fā)生環(huán)境，往往設(shè)置為考點(diǎn)
○因果關(guān)系中的原因是必考內(nèi)容，不管直接或間接提到的原因都會(huì)用why來提問
○形容詞副詞最高級(jí)形式一旦出現(xiàn)，則此句即成為考點(diǎn)，如：the most important reason is……; their biggest trouble was……; he worked most efficiently when ……
○故事題中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞，人物所說的一句意味深長的話需要找到同義解釋
○說明文中的數(shù)字年代和概念往往需要在選項(xiàng)中重新定位
○人物題中的重要年代及相關(guān)歷史事件需要重新搭配定位，不做記錄容易混淆
○議論文中有時(shí)自問自答，問題將成為考題，回答內(nèi)容即正確選項(xiàng)
○議論文中只要出現(xiàn)I think……, I believe it’s true that……, In my opinion……等表達(dá)，就會(huì)重新問及speaker的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度; 沒有這些表達(dá)則段首句是其觀點(diǎn)
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