第 1 頁(yè):模擬試題 |
第 4 頁(yè):答案及解析 |
答案
Part I Writing
Precious Water
No one doubts the importance of water. Human beings live on water, animals live on water, plants live on water and all living things live on water. You can’t imagine what would happen if there were no water in the world!
China is one of the countries in the world that are badly short of water. Water problem has become more acute in recent years with the increase of water consumption and pollution. In big cities, the water problem has become even worse. With the growth of population, more and more water is needed. With the development of the industry, a large quantity of water has been and is being polluted. Water pollution is the most serious problem that China is facing. It has spread to rivers, lakes, and even the oceans.
In order to survive, man has to be wise enough to treasure water and try to prevent it from being polluted. Man should also know that all resources in the world are limited, including water. Make good use of them, otherwise, man will be punished by nature. To treasure water is to treasure life; to protect our environment is to protect ourselves.
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
1. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞World Health Organization定位到第三段Air: the World Health Organization(WHO)says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions,即:世界衛(wèi)生組織公布,全世界每年有3百萬(wàn)人死于室外空氣污染,故選A。
2. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞Land can be polluted定位到第五段第三句話Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock,即:來(lái)自農(nóng)業(yè)的殺蟲(chóng)劑、富含硝酸鹽的化肥以及家畜帶來(lái)的泥漿都會(huì)污染土地,故選C。
3. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞man. made chemicals和affected定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段末句Affected species include polar bears—so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals,and to us,即:受人造化學(xué)制品影響的種類(lèi)包括北極熊、從魚(yú)到哺乳動(dòng)物的生物鏈,也包括人,未提到鳥(niǎo),故選D。
4. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞local residents定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的末句So local residents,like many in poor communities around the globe,have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick,即:當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衤暦Q(chēng)他們門(mén)前的工業(yè)導(dǎo)致他們生病,故選B。
5. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞The pesticide DDT定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第二段The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system,but can also be effective against malaria(瘧疾),即:殺蟲(chóng)劑DDT會(huì)傷害野生動(dòng)植物并且能影響人類(lèi)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),但對(duì)預(yù)防瘧疾是很有效的,故選A。
6. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞a U.N. convention定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題末段第二句話There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors,or between states which do not share a border,即:聯(lián)合國(guó)在跨邊界的空氣污染上有協(xié)定,但是不包括鄰國(guó)之間出現(xiàn)的每個(gè)問(wèn)題,也不包括不接壤的州之間出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,故選C。
7. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞a way of cleaning up after ourselves定位到第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題第二段One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away,designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer,即:清潔的方法可以是少丟棄一些,設(shè)計(jì)可循環(huán)的產(chǎn)品或使用持久一些,未提到不再使用,故選C。
8. aggravate asthma symptoms in children。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題首段末旬It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children,即:空氣污染的增加惡化孩子的哮喘癥狀,故得答案。
9. pollution coming from a particular plant。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題第三段末句But,according to…prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant,即:證明疾病是由一種來(lái)自特殊植物的污染而造成的,故得答案。
10. improve the situation。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段首句Martinus van Schalkwyk…said there were measures in place to improve the situation,即:環(huán)境和觀光事業(yè)部長(zhǎng)Schalkwyk參觀了德?tīng)柊嗄喜康呐璧,并指出還是有措施可以改善現(xiàn)狀的,故得答案。
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. Because Australia bans the use of certain antibiotics in livestock.
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Australia和low drug resistance定位到文章開(kāi)頭,可知一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在澳大利亞,導(dǎo)致常見(jiàn)食源性疾病的細(xì)菌抗藥性很低,這與美國(guó)和歐洲的情況有所不同;做出該發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)家表示,澳大利亞禁止對(duì)家畜使用特定抗生素,這有助于解釋上述情況。
48. Campylobacter
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞industrialized countries和most common定位到第六段,可知弧形桿菌是美國(guó)和其他許多工業(yè)化國(guó)家中最常見(jiàn)的食源性疾病。
49. paralysis or death
原文第八段提到,患病的癥狀包括發(fā)燒、嘔吐、腹瀉,在個(gè)別病例中,還會(huì)導(dǎo)致癱瘓或死亡,而這些都是由食源性疾病導(dǎo)致的,由此可得答案。
50. drug-resistant bacteria
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞food-producing animals和public health expels定位到倒數(shù)第二段,可知美國(guó)食品及藥物管理局于去年禁止給產(chǎn)肉動(dòng)物使用抗生素,其原因在于公共衛(wèi)生專(zhuān)家對(duì)抗藥細(xì)菌表示擔(dān)憂。
51. It’s entirely preventable.
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Angulo和bacteria’s antibiotic resistance定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句,可知Angulo認(rèn)為弧形桿菌感染完全可以預(yù)防,而細(xì)菌對(duì)抗生素的抗藥性也是如此。
Section B
Passage One
52. C 推斷題。taboo意為“禁忌,避諱”,結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容也可推斷出,taboo是那些社會(huì)無(wú)法接受的行為,所以C正確。
53. D 推斷題。由文章第二段第一句可知,在同一個(gè)社會(huì)中禁忌也是會(huì)改變的,以前被認(rèn)為是禁忌的行為,后來(lái)可能變得非常自然、可接受,由此推斷,肥胖在將來(lái)可能不再是什么禁忌,所以D正確。第三段第一句說(shuō)fat是one of the newest taboos,排除干擾項(xiàng)C。
54. B 推斷題。由文章第三段第二句可知,美國(guó)如今的肥胖禁忌跟其他的禁忌不同——人們經(jīng)常討論關(guān)于肥胖的話題,所以B正確。
55. D 語(yǔ)義題。解答此題的關(guān)鍵在于理解in與out在此處的含義:前者指“流行的,時(shí)髦的”,后者指“過(guò)時(shí)的,不再時(shí)髦的”。另外,由文章第三段中對(duì)thin及fat的描述也可推知,前者比較流行,后者過(guò)時(shí),故選D。
56. B 推斷題。由文章第三、四段可知,美國(guó)人認(rèn)為肥胖是“禁忌”,他們追求苗條和年輕,所以熱衷于鍛煉,由此推斷,B正確。
Passage Two
57. A 語(yǔ)義題。由文章第一段中的the population problem及rapid increase in the number可知,demographic的含義應(yīng)該與“人口”和“數(shù)量”有關(guān),而-graphic表示“寫(xiě)、畫(huà)、記錄的”,由此推斷A(人口統(tǒng)計(jì))正確。B(環(huán)境研究),C(人口的積聚),D(人類(lèi)的發(fā)展),均與文意不符,故排除。
58. B 推斷題。由文章第二段第二句和第三句的virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history可知,文章第一段最后一句的引申意思是:在人口緩慢穩(wěn)定的增長(zhǎng)之后會(huì)出現(xiàn)人口的激增。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之中,只有B與其最相符,故選B。
59. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知,在人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)歷史上的第一個(gè)階段,社會(huì)常有覆滅的危險(xiǎn)是因?yàn)楹芏嗟胤饺丝谒劳雎时瘸錾矢,所以B正確。
60. A 推斷題。由文章第四段第三、四句可知,l650到1975年,世界人口增長(zhǎng)至40億,到2000年已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)至62億,由此可知,從l975年至2000年世界人口增長(zhǎng)了22億,故選A。
61. D 推斷題。通讀全文可知,文章主要描述了世界人口增長(zhǎng)的歷史和現(xiàn)狀,作者的目的在于使讀者能夠清楚地了解世界人口的增長(zhǎng)狀況,所以D正確。B項(xiàng)對(duì)照歷史上人口增長(zhǎng)的兩種模式是作者達(dá)到目的的手段。
Part VI Translation
72. the highest rates of this disease,almost twice that of Asia
“患病率”可用the rates of this disease來(lái)表示;“幾乎……”應(yīng)該作“患病率”的補(bǔ)語(yǔ),可譯為省略結(jié)構(gòu);“兩倍”應(yīng)為twice,此處指的是南非的發(fā)病率是亞洲的發(fā)病率的兩倍,因此應(yīng)譯為twice that of Asia,其中that指代的就是the rates of this disease。
73. took proper steps to solve the traffic problems
該句包含it is time…的結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示虛擬,其從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)!安扇〈胧睘閺木渲^語(yǔ),因此要譯為took steps或took measures;“來(lái)解決交通問(wèn)題”為不定式表示目的,其中“解決問(wèn)題”可譯為固定動(dòng)賓搭配solve problems。此處還可譯為took proper measures to solve the traffic problems。
74. not only takes much time but is also harmful to health
由給出的中英文可知,playing video games應(yīng)為句子主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式!凹取帧睉(yīng)譯為not only…but also;“花費(fèi)(時(shí)間)”可譯為take,“有害(健康)”可譯為be harmful to。
75. the majority of people believe that it is a lifetime study
結(jié)合給出的中英文可知,“教育是終生學(xué)習(xí)”可譯為“認(rèn)為”的賓語(yǔ)從句。“多數(shù)人”應(yīng)譯為the majority of people,“認(rèn)為”可譯為think或believe。而“終生學(xué)習(xí)”則為a lifetime study。
76. unless some steps are taken to stop it
結(jié)合給出的中英文可知,所譯部分應(yīng)為unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。中文部分并沒(méi)有明確給出是誰(shuí)“采取措施”,因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);“措施”可譯為measure或step,表示目的的“加以”可譯為不定式的標(biāo)志詞to,還要注意“阻止”的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)為situation,翻譯時(shí)可用代詞it來(lái)指代。
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