第 1 頁:模擬試卷 |
第 4 頁:答案及解析 |
答案
Part I Writing
Precious Water
No one doubts the importance of water. Human beings live on water, animals live on water, plants live on water and all living things live on water. You can’t imagine what would happen if there were no water in the world!
China is one of the countries in the world that are badly short of water. Water problem has become more acute in recent years with the increase of water consumption and pollution. In big cities, the water problem has become even worse. With the growth of population, more and more water is needed. With the development of the industry, a large quantity of water has been and is being polluted. Water pollution is the most serious problem that China is facing. It has spread to rivers, lakes, and even the oceans.
In order to survive, man has to be wise enough to treasure water and try to prevent it from being polluted. Man should also know that all resources in the world are limited, including water. Make good use of them, otherwise, man will be punished by nature. To treasure water is to treasure life; to protect our environment is to protect ourselves.
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
1. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞World Health Organization定位到第三段Air: the World Health Organization(WHO)says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions,即:世界衛(wèi)生組織公布,全世界每年有3百萬人死于室外空氣污染,故選A。
2. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞Land can be polluted定位到第五段第三句話Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock,即:來自農(nóng)業(yè)的殺蟲劑、富含硝酸鹽的化肥以及家畜帶來的泥漿都會(huì)污染土地,故選C。
3. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞man. made chemicals和affected定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段末句Affected species include polar bears—so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals,and to us,即:受人造化學(xué)制品影響的種類包括北極熊、從魚到哺乳動(dòng)物的生物鏈,也包括人,未提到鳥,故選D。
4. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞local residents定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的末句So local residents,like many in poor communities around the globe,have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick,即:當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衤暦Q他們門前的工業(yè)導(dǎo)致他們生病,故選B。
5. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞The pesticide DDT定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的第二段The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system,but can also be effective against malaria(瘧疾),即:殺蟲劑DDT會(huì)傷害野生動(dòng)植物并且能影響人類的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),但對預(yù)防瘧疾是很有效的,故選A。
6. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞a U.N. convention定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題末段第二句話There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors,or between states which do not share a border,即:聯(lián)合國在跨邊界的空氣污染上有協(xié)定,但是不包括鄰國之間出現(xiàn)的每個(gè)問題,也不包括不接壤的州之間出現(xiàn)的問題,故選C。
7. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息詞a way of cleaning up after ourselves定位到第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題第二段One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away,designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer,即:清潔的方法可以是少丟棄一些,設(shè)計(jì)可循環(huán)的產(chǎn)品或使用持久一些,未提到不再使用,故選C。
8. aggravate asthma symptoms in children。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題首段末旬It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children,即:空氣污染的增加惡化孩子的哮喘癥狀,故得答案。
9. pollution coming from a particular plant。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題第三段末句But,according to…prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant,即:證明疾病是由一種來自特殊植物的污染而造成的,故得答案。
10. improve the situation。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段首句Martinus van Schalkwyk…said there were measures in place to improve the situation,即:環(huán)境和觀光事業(yè)部長Schalkwyk參觀了德爾班南部的盆地,并指出還是有措施可以改善現(xiàn)狀的,故得答案。
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. Because Australia bans the use of certain antibiotics in livestock.
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Australia和low drug resistance定位到文章開頭,可知一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在澳大利亞,導(dǎo)致常見食源性疾病的細(xì)菌抗藥性很低,這與美國和歐洲的情況有所不同;做出該發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)家表示,澳大利亞禁止對家畜使用特定抗生素,這有助于解釋上述情況。
48. Campylobacter
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞industrialized countries和most common定位到第六段,可知弧形桿菌是美國和其他許多工業(yè)化國家中最常見的食源性疾病。
49. paralysis or death
原文第八段提到,患病的癥狀包括發(fā)燒、嘔吐、腹瀉,在個(gè)別病例中,還會(huì)導(dǎo)致癱瘓或死亡,而這些都是由食源性疾病導(dǎo)致的,由此可得答案。
50. drug-resistant bacteria
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞food-producing animals和public health expels定位到倒數(shù)第二段,可知美國食品及藥物管理局于去年禁止給產(chǎn)肉動(dòng)物使用抗生素,其原因在于公共衛(wèi)生專家對抗藥細(xì)菌表示擔(dān)憂。
51. It’s entirely preventable.
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Angulo和bacteria’s antibiotic resistance定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句,可知Angulo認(rèn)為弧形桿菌感染完全可以預(yù)防,而細(xì)菌對抗生素的抗藥性也是如此。
Section B
Passage One
52. C 推斷題。taboo意為“禁忌,避諱”,結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容也可推斷出,taboo是那些社會(huì)無法接受的行為,所以C正確。
53. D 推斷題。由文章第二段第一句可知,在同一個(gè)社會(huì)中禁忌也是會(huì)改變的,以前被認(rèn)為是禁忌的行為,后來可能變得非常自然、可接受,由此推斷,肥胖在將來可能不再是什么禁忌,所以D正確。第三段第一句說fat是one of the newest taboos,排除干擾項(xiàng)C。
54. B 推斷題。由文章第三段第二句可知,美國如今的肥胖禁忌跟其他的禁忌不同——人們經(jīng)常討論關(guān)于肥胖的話題,所以B正確。
55. D 語義題。解答此題的關(guān)鍵在于理解in與out在此處的含義:前者指“流行的,時(shí)髦的”,后者指“過時(shí)的,不再時(shí)髦的”。另外,由文章第三段中對thin及fat的描述也可推知,前者比較流行,后者過時(shí),故選D。
56. B 推斷題。由文章第三、四段可知,美國人認(rèn)為肥胖是“禁忌”,他們追求苗條和年輕,所以熱衷于鍛煉,由此推斷,B正確。
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