Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage 1

It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.

The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.

But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

21. According to the author, really good science . A. would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment B. will produce results which cannot be foreseen C. will help people to make the right choice in advanceD. will bring about disturbing results

22. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century .A. thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science B. were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research C. knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD. did more harm than good in promoting man's understanding of nature

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times? A. They invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand. B. They falsely claimed to know all about nature. C. They did not believe in results from scientific observation. D. They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.

24. What is the author's attitude towards science? A. He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists. B. He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it. C. He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it. D. He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.

25. The author believes that . A. man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up B. man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect C. sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them D. questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research

Passage 2

Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of more immediate past. This has been called“historical archaeology". A term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.

Back in the 1930s and 1940s, when restoration was popular, historical archeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take back seat to architects.

The maina for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950s and 1960s. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.

More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States past.

In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

26. What is the main topic of the passage?A. How the purpose and the methods of historical archaeology have changed. B. How archaeology has been applied to studies of prehistoric cultures.C. The attitude of professional archaeologists hold toward historical archaeology. D. The contributions make to historical archaeology.

27. According to the passage, what is a relatively new focus in archaeology?A. Studying prehistoric cultures. B. Investigating ancient sites in what is now the United States. C. Comparing the culture of North America to that of Europe.D. Studying the recent past.

28. According to the passage, when had historical archaeologists been trained as anthropologists?A. Before the 1930sB. During the 1930s and 1940sC. During the 1950s and 1960sD. After the 1960s

29. In the third paragraph, the author implies the questions and techniques of history and those of social science are . A. of equal value in studying prehistoric cultures B. quite different from each otherC. all aiming to understand people's behaviorD. all highly technical and poorly written

30. The equivalent of the“supposedly" in the last paragraph is .A. rigidlyB. barelyC. seeminglyD. ruthlessly

Passage 3

Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather——torrential rains, severe thunderstorm, and tornadoes——begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $ 250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation——intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or“Nowcast", was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

31.The author mentions the tornado in Edmonton, Canada, in order to .A. indicate that tornadoes are common in the summerB. give an example of a damaging stormC. explain different types of weatherD. show that tornadoes occur frequently in Canada

32. All the following are mentioned as an advance in short-range weather forecasting EXCEPT .A. weather balloonsB. radar systemsC. automated instrumentsD. satellites

33. With Nowcasting, it first became possible to provide information about .A. short-lived local stormsB. radar networksC. long-range weather forecastsD.general weather conditions

34. With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?A. Communications satellites can predict severe weather.B. Meteorologists should standardize computer programs.C. The observation-intensive approach is no longer useful.D. Weather predictions are becoming more accurate.

35. Nowcasting would be best illustrated by .A. a five-day forecastB. a warning about a severe thunder-storm on the radioC. the average rainfall for each monthD. a list of temperatures in major cities

Passage 4

The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e.g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident——the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (eg. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful).

Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.

36. The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that .A. it was a necessary step in the process of industrializationB. they depended on electricity available only to the market economyC. it was troublesome to produce such goods in the homeD. the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes

37. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage .A. some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economyB. the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economyC. producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptableD. whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant

38. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace .A. as wage earnersB. both as manufacturers and consumersC. both as workers and purchasersD. as customers

39. Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and service because .A. the family was not efficient in productionB. it was illegal for the home economy to produce themC. it could not supply them by itselfD. the market for these goods and services was limited

40. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage .A. the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for the needed goods and servicesB. many production processes were being transferred to the marketplaceC. consumers relied more and more on the market economyD. the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace

Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

41. The town in the valley is by a high mountain. A. confronted B. distributed C. constitutedD. dominated

42. If you lie once, people will think of you as a liar and interpret your remarks .A. certainly B. accordingly C. approximately D. appropriately

43. You have to follow the set out in the book very closely. If you miss out any of the stages, you will be in danger. A. relationship B. argumentC. procedure D. procession

44. The authorities that the income from exports will rise this year because both exports and prices have increased. A. confirm B. expect C. prove D. inspect

45. The manager of the firm said a few words about Jack, whose was clear only to the people who are present. A. implication B. illustration C. instruction D. irrigation

46. For many people, overeating and overspending are as to Christmas as candles and holly. A. integral B. suitable C. inevitable D. compatible

47. The lightning flashed and thunder .A. bumped B. struck C. collided D. crashed

48. After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly the little rain that fell last night. A. drained B. digested C. absorbed D. soaked

49. Many hunting and gathering people of the late 10th century have recently adopted some form of organized agriculture to their wild food resources. A. compliment B. implement C. supply D. supplement

50. The lawyer pointed out that it would be a mistake to apply this law to situations which are outside its .A. field B. range C. limit D. extent

51. The most important factor in determining how well you perform in the CET-4 is the of your own minds. A. sense B. comprehension C. state D. point

52. As children grow and mature, sex differences become with regard to size and strength, aptitude and motivation. A. pronounced B. denounced C. mysterious D. punctual

53. Some countries love to their own ideas on others. A. impose B. force C. put D. emphasize

54. Gone is the idea of statement and answer, the symmetrical design that is so in the music of previous centuries.A. prevalent B. extravagant C. zealous D. prevail

55. In recent years, psychologists have carried out some interesting experiments. A. literally B. instantly C. exceedingly D. initially

56. She was a great help to her family when her father suffered a mental and had to be hospitalized. A. destruction B. disaster C. damage D. collapse

57. A generation ago, even a millionaire couldn't buy the kinds of medicines commonly available to the person of average today. A. measure B. means C. medium D. mood

58. An unemployed security guard into a fast-food restaurant in California and opened fire upon the people eating there. A. stuffed B. split C. stewed D. stormed

59. A great ostrich egg was hung from the center of the room ,and a corner cupboard, left open, displayed immense treasures of old silver. A. aimlessly B. absurdly C. knowingly D. evidently

60. After John and Bill arrived at the top of the hill, they stopped there to admire the .A. vision B. sight C. view D. visage

61. To make matters worse, by the time the travelers were crossing the channel the sea was very . A. rough B. violent C. tough D. smooth

62. I wouldn't to interfere. Instead, I let my students make their own decision. A. resume B. presume C. assume D. consume

63. At the meeting they the secret that they had kept over thirty years. A. exposed B. emerged C. revealed D. cited

64. The anthropologists did it in order to information from the time before human walked in an erect position. A. monitor B. assemble C. summarize D. gather

65. In algebra, the sign“X”an unknown quantity. A. suggests B. donates C. denotes D. defines

66. My younger brother has a whole of homework waiting to be done. A. stock B. sequence C. stack D. sphere

67. Millions of American children live in a complex and highly society. A. drifting B. mobile C. shifting D. rotating

68. The teenager lost control over his car, drove over the sidewalk, and into the people walking there. A. collided B. crashed C. stroke D. smashed

69. The result is a population in this country of 150 million. A. shrinking B. fadingC. weakening D. dwelling

70. With the music starting, the dancer began to . A. remove B. circle C. spin D. twist

答案：

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. C 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. B 49. D 50. C

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