Part I Listening Comprehension （20 minutes）(略)
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （35 minutes）
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices mared A）, B）, C） and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.
In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.
An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each person′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health,and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.
21. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A） To explain the science of economics.
B） To outline types of economic systems.
C） To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D） To compare barter and moneyexchange markets.
22. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best be replaced?
A） High quality.
B） Concrete.
C） Utter.
D） Essential.
23. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to
A） rapid speed of transactions
B） misunderstandings
C） inflation
D） difficulties for the traders
24. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administered system?
A） Individual households.
B） Small businesses.
C） Major companies.
D） The government.
25. Which of the following statements is true?
A） The central plan drawn up by the government is mainly based on the needs of the state as a whole.
B） The economic system in China is based on the traditional system.
C） In a market system, transactions are controlled by the government.
D） In a traditional society, economy develops very fast.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） acts rather like a one-way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun′s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert′s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities, Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth′s-chief food-growing zones.
In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere,where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude,therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots（that is, the relatively less hot spots） on the sun.As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth′s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.
Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models or solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousand of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth′s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun′s diminishing heat.
26. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would
.
A） prevent the sun′s rays from reaching the earth′s surface
B） mean a warming up in the Arctic
C） account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere
D） raise the temperature of the earth′s surface
27. The article was written to explain
.
A） the greenhouse effect
B） the solar effects on the earth
C） the models of solarweather interactions
D） the causes affecting weather
28. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is
.
A） mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising
B） possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting
C） exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth′s climate
D） partly due to variations in the output of solar energy
29. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that
.
A） the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
B） it will take thousands of years fro the inertia of the earth′s climate to take effect
C） the manmade warming effect helps to increase the solar effect
D） the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
30. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct,
.
A）the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels
B） ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
C） the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly
D）the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Before the 1850′s the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small,church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.
Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge,not morals. Between midcentury and the end of the 1800′s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable （受人尊敬的 ） colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty.
Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on,and this called for a faculty composed of teacherscholars. Drilling and learning by rote （死記硬背 ） were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor′s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze,and conduct their own research.
At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.
31. The word "this" （sentence 8, Para. 2） refers to which of the following?
A） Creating and passing on knowledge.
B） Drilling and learning by rote.
C） Disciplining students.
D） Developing moral principles.
32. According to the passage, the seminar system encouraged students to .
A） discuss moral issues
B） study the classics, rhetoric, and music
C） study overseas
D） work more independently
33. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1850, all of the following were Characteristic of higher education EXCEPT .
A） the elective system
B） drilling
C） strict discipline
D） rote learning
34. Those who favored the new university would be likely to agree with which of the following statements?
A） Learning is best achieved through discipline and drill.
B） Shaping the moral character of students should be the primary goal.
C） Higher education should prepare students to contribute to society.
D） Teachers should select their students courses.
35. Why many students decided to study aboard?
A）Because thousands of young Americans wanted to go to Germany to study.
B）Because young Americans were not satisfied with their school system in the USA.
C）Because American professors were not as good as those abroad.
D）Because European universities were not connected with churches.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible.
An atom consists of a tiny core called the "nucleus" with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einstein′s formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light.
The A-bomb, however, used a different process, depending upon radioactivity. In this process, called "fission", a heavier atomsplits into two lighter atoms. In general, in radioactive substances this fission proceeds at a constant rate which is slow where substances occurring in nature are concerned. But there is one form of uranium called "U235" which, when it is pure, sets up a chain reaction which spreads like fire, though with enormously greater rapidity. It is this substance that was used in making the atom bomb.
The political background of the atomic scientists′ work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held—I think rightly—that a Nazi victory would be an appalling disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over,it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and, as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapon had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.
When, however, the German war was finished, the great majority of those scientists who had collaborated towards making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese,who were already on the verge （邊緣） of defeat and, in any case,did not constitute such a menace to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent represent ations to the American Government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most eminent of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "The Franck Report" which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.
36. We may infer that the writer′s attitude towards the A bomb is that .
A） it is a necessary evil
B） it is a terrible threat to the whole of mankind
C） it played a vital part in defeating the Japanese
D） it was a wonderful invention
37. According to the passage, an atom is heavy if
.
A） it has a large nucleus
B） it is radioactive
C） its nucleus has many electrons
D） its nucleus shoots out many particles
38. The American and British scientists were astonished at the end of the Second World War against Germany because
.
A）the Germans had been defeated without the use of nuclear weapons
B）the Western countries had won before they had invented nuclear weapons
C） they thought the Germans would probably win the war
D）the Germans had made little progress in developing nuclear weapons
39. According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the A bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese because
.
A） it was such a dangerous weapon
B） its use against the Japanese, was unnecessary
C） it was a very inhumane weapon
D） the German war was finished
40.It is implied that the nuclear scientists
.
A）might not have agreed to develop the bomb if there had been no Nazi threat
B） would have developed the bomb even without the Nazi threat
C）would have made the bomb, under peacetime conditions, but only for the use of an international authority
D）developed the bomb because Einstein thought it urgent and necessary
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.
For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a
single line through the center.
41.The British Library____ the right to a free copy of every new book published in the United Kingdom.
A) contains
B) retires
C) retains
D) conveys
42.The secretary____ the foreign minister____ an interview he was to give that afternoon.
A) reminded … of
B) reassured…about
C) consulted…about
D) questioned…to
43. The way other people behave towards us influences how we____ ourselves.
A) conceive of
B) consist of
C) confront with
D) conform to
44. I suppose some people create an idea of who they want to be and, they ____ it____.
A) work…over
B) bear…out
C) live…out
D) get… over
45.With the economy of the country growing strong, the____ mood is one of optimism .
A) presiding
B) circulating
C) floating
D) prevailing
46. These technological advances in communication have____ the way people do business.
A) revolted
B) represented
C) adopted
D) transformed
47. The workers of the textile mill ____ that trade union leaders be elected from the workshops .
A) urged
B) related
C) combated
D) adapted
48. It is a____ of our company to give refunds if goods are faulty.
A) policy
B) discipline
C) decision
D) determination
49. ____ friends helped him to get appointed ambassador to France .
A) Efficient
B) Influential
C) Impressive
D) Effective
50.Their ambitious schemes for making money quickly____.
A) took a chance
B) came to nothing
C) went into action
D) got to the point
51.She knew who wrote the letter, so without opening it she tore it into pieces____
A) in excitement
B) in disappointment
C) in disgust
D) in expectation
52.He had always been ____the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment .
A) oblivious to
B) guilty of
C) wary of
D) subject to
53.Familarity with a wide range of idiomatic expressions, and the ability to use them appropriately____ are among the distinguishing marks of command of English like a native.
A) in context
B) in practice
C) in place
D) in case
54.We are still____ things here, but I can’t guarantee the situation will stay that way.
A) in memory of
B) in search of
C) in control of
D) in need of
5.Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard to____.
A) credit
B) defy
C) modify
D) define
56.Bill is rich. His house is full of ____ such as expensive high-tech video systems and all the latest computer equipment.
A) luxuries
B) festivities
C) dimensions
D) instruments
57.She is quite capable, but the problem is that she is not____.
A) consistent
B) insistent
C) beneficent
D) resistant
58.Based on the____ that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market, I would predict a market improvement in the efficiency of China’s economy.
A) guidance
B) instruction
C) . premise
D) eminence
59.Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel ____.
A) on board
B) at ease
C) at leisure
D) at heart
60.The accused was ____to have been the leader of the plot to overthrow the government
A) reconciled
B) blended
C) alleged
D) referred
61. She ____the letter, put it in the envelope and handed it to her father.
A) folded
B) wrapped
C) rolled
D) slided
62. In the last century, new drugs have ____ improved health throughout the world.
A) inconsistently
B) supposedly
C) notedly
D) markedly
63. Now a paper argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from ____ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.
A) configuration
B) constitution
C) condemnation
D) contamination
64. When he went to the airport for the ticket, Tom suddenly ealized that his passport had ____ for half a year.
A) abolished
B) expired
C) amended
D) constrained
65. Since the information was easily____, we found it immediately.
A) acceptable
B) accessory
C) accessible
D) possible
66.There is no known cure for SARS, but doctors are developing ways to help sufferers ____ it.
A) retard B) eliminate C) dispense D) handle
67. She was____ her brains to remember the man’s time, but her bad memory failed her.
A) hitting B) beating C) racking D) exhausting
68. Many apartments have doors with a security window so that one may____ outside and observe visitors without being seen.
A) peer B) peek C) peel D) pile
69. French cars are more elegantly styled than their British
____.
A) counterparts B) equals C) ones D) copies
70. After failing his driving test four times, he finally____ trying to pass.
A) gave up B) gave away C) gave off D) gave in
Part Ⅳ Error Correction (15 minutes）
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧） in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put slash (/) in the blank.[WTHZ]
Error Correction:
The first man known to use a signal other than
a bonfire(大篝火)used a chandelier(枝形吊燈).
He was lord of a castle that stood near a rocky seacoast.
.He hang the chandelier, containing many 71_________
large tallow candles ,in the highest tower of his castle .
Thus he warned passing ship from the danger 72________
along the coast.
Candles soon became the common fuel for signal lights.
They were later replaced by oil lamps,
that could burn longer and brighter. Kerosene and 73_________
gas lamps also tried .These are still in use now in 74_________
some smaller lighthouses. But today most lighthouses
sent electric light blazing out over the sea. 75_________
The ancient fire signals could only say “Danger!
Keep off !”But the modern lighthouse also
identifies it in a code known to all shipping .Most of 76_________
the great lights have their own special signals. The
light may be one that blinks—as a giant firefly in the 77_________
night .Or it may be a revolved light that is red and 78_________
then green. Or it may be only white .But however 79__________
the signal ,it is sent very regularly. A ship within its
range is never at a loss to know which lighthouse it
is , and where it is being located . 80__________
Part Ⅴ Writing （30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writes a composition entitled The Tears of A Bird.Your compositiom should be based on the outline below and should be no less than 150 words.
(1)Describe the cartoon and deduce the purpose of the drawer of the picture;
(2)State the harmful effects of the phenomenon;
(3)Give suggestions as to how to solve the problem.
The Tears of A Bird
參考答案：
21. B）文章第一段點(diǎn)明了三種不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。接下來分別介紹了這三種體系。由此可見，B）為正確答案。
22. B）第二段第二句說明了物物交換的經(jīng)濟(jì)形式（barter economy）。可見，real一詞在此指的是“實(shí)體的，具體的”。選項(xiàng)B）為正確答案。另三詞的含義分別為“高質(zhì)量”；“完全的，全然的”;“重要的”均不符合文章內(nèi)容。
23. D） 答案在第二段第四句：顯然要找到想用舊車來交換帆船的人不是件容易的事。所以，物物交換會(huì)給商人帶來麻煩。D）正確。
24. D） 由第三段可知，在管理經(jīng)濟(jì)模式下，政府通過主導(dǎo)中央計(jì)劃來管理控制一切的業(yè)務(wù)。由此推知，在管理經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中，政府具有最大限度的控制權(quán)。D）正確。
25. A）由第三段最后一句可知，政府?dāng)M定的中央計(jì)劃顯示了由不同公司生產(chǎn)的商品的數(shù)量，并根據(jù)數(shù)量把商品分送到不同的家庭消費(fèi)。所以，中央計(jì)劃是根據(jù)整個(gè)國家的需求來擬定的。選項(xiàng)A）正確。選項(xiàng)B）與D）文章未提及。選項(xiàng)C）與內(nèi)容不符。
26. D）文章第一段講到二氧化碳在大氣中就像溫室的玻璃屋頂一樣吸收太陽的光線并阻擋光熱的流失，文章第三段最后一句話又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球變熱的理論。因此，正確答案為D）。
27. D）全文講述的是影響天氣的諸多原因。選項(xiàng)A），B），C）在文中均被提及但不足以概括全文的主旨，只有D）是比較全面的。
28. D）文章第四段提及這一現(xiàn)象時(shí)講到，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為： 這一現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生是因?yàn)榈侥壳盀橹棺匀唤鐚?duì)天氣的影響要大于人類對(duì)天氣的影響。而究竟是哪種自然力量對(duì)天氣的影響最大呢? 文章第五段第一句話給出了答案：其中一個(gè)可能就是太陽的不斷變動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D）與此意相符。
29. A） 文章最后一段提到科學(xué)家們模擬太陽與天氣之間的相互作用，并試圖找出這種模擬與數(shù)千年來真正的氣候之間的相互關(guān)系。此段第二句講到：這些模擬結(jié)果都預(yù)測全球會(huì)進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代。所以，選項(xiàng)A）應(yīng)為正確答案。
30. D） 本題涉及對(duì)文章最后一段最后一句話的理解。 如果有關(guān)太陽光能延緩新冰河時(shí)代到來的推測是正確的，那么二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)將發(fā)揮有效的作用來平衡太陽日益減少的光熱。選項(xiàng)D）與此意相符。
31. A）第二段第八句this指代前面的“creating and passing on knowledge”。
32. D）第二段最后一句講到，隨著研討制度的確立，學(xué)生開始學(xué)會(huì)提出問題、分析并開展自己的研究，也即學(xué)生開始獨(dú)立。
33. A）第三段第二句說，哈佛大學(xué)校長開創(chuàng)了選舉制度, 學(xué)生能選擇自己喜愛的課程，由此可推斷，A）選舉制度不是1850年以前學(xué)校的一個(gè)特征，而B），C），D）都是特征。〖ZK）〗
34. C）文中A），B），D）均為傳統(tǒng)高校教育模式的特征，而最后一段講到，1850年以后的大學(xué)的新目標(biāo)是要使它與世界真正的要求相符合，大學(xué)須關(guān)注社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要，由此可推斷，C）為正確答案。
35. B）答案在第二段第四句：19世紀(jì)中下葉，九千多名美國人因不滿美國的教育方法，來歐洲學(xué)習(xí)。故B）為正確答案。
36. B）文章第一段第一句講到：人類現(xiàn)在正生活在核時(shí)代里，而且也許很快就會(huì)死在這一時(shí)代。文章最后一段最后一句也講到：如果七位最杰出的核科學(xué)家提出的報(bào)告能夠得到政治家們的同意，我們今后就不必再恐懼了。由此可推斷出作者對(duì)原子彈的態(tài)度應(yīng)與選項(xiàng)B）相符。
37. C）文章第二段第一句至第三句講到：原子是由一個(gè)極小的叫做“核”的中心物質(zhì)以及繞核運(yùn)動(dòng)著的電子組成的。氫原子只有一個(gè)電子，是最簡單、最輕的原子。原子越重，電子就越多。由此可判斷出選項(xiàng)C）為正確答案。
38. D）文章第四段第四句講到：二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，英美兩國科學(xué)家驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)德國人根本沒有成功研制出核武器，因此，正確答案為D）。
39. B）文章第五段第一句講到：對(duì)德戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，絕大多數(shù)參與研制原子彈的科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為不該把它用來對(duì)付日本人，因?yàn)樗麄円烟幵趹?zhàn)敗的邊緣，不像希特勒那樣對(duì)世界構(gòu)成威脅。因此，正確答案為B）。
40. A）從文章第四段可以看出研制原子彈的政治背景是為了打敗納粹，所以，選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
Part Ⅲ
41.【答案】C。contain是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“包括，包含”；retire是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“撤退，退休”；retain是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“保持，保留，留有”；convey是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“傳達(dá)，傳遞”。結(jié)合整句話的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可知只有retain才能與right搭配。故本題的正確答案選C。
42. 【答案】A。remind of的意思是“提醒某人某事”；reassure about的意思是“使確信”；consult about的意思是“咨詢某事”；question
to沒有這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是A。
43. 【答案】A。conceive of的意思是“認(rèn)為，以為，想象”；consist of的意思是“包括，包含”；confront with的意思是“使某人面對(duì)”；conform to的意思是“遵守，遵從，與…相一致”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是A。
44. 【答案】B。work...over的意思是“徹底查”；bear...out的意思是“證明…，證實(shí)”；live...out的意思是“活過…，度過…，熬過；不在工作處住，通勤”；get...over的意思是“爬過，越過；克服，超越；淡忘，恢復(fù)；知道相信”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是B。
45. 【答案】D。preside的意思是“主宰，主理”；circulate的意思是“循環(huán)，周流”；float的意思是“漂浮”；prevail的意思是“遍布，普遍，到處”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是D。
46. 【答案】D。revolted是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“反叛，造反，反抗”；represent是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“代表”；adopt是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“采用，采納”；transform是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“改變，改動(dòng)，更改”。根據(jù)我們的常識(shí)判斷，我們也知道只有transform才能與way搭配。故本題的正確答案選D。
47. 【答案】A。urge是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“要求”；relate是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“把…與…相關(guān)”；combat是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“向…宣戰(zhàn)”；adapt是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“改變”。在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有urge后面的賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞能用動(dòng)詞原形來表示虛擬語氣。故本題的正確答案選A。
48. 【答案】B。policy的意思是“政策”，是一個(gè)比較正式的單詞，一般指的是國家的政策；discipline的意思是“規(guī)矩，要求”，一般指某一機(jī)構(gòu)的要求和策略；decision的意思是“決定，決心”，一般指會(huì)議的決定；determination的意思是“堅(jiān)決，決心”。結(jié)合整句話的意思，我們可知本題的正確答案是B。
49. 【答案】B。Efficient的意思是“效率高的”；Influential的意思是“有影響的，有影響力的”；Impressive的意思是“印象深的”；Effective的意思是“有效的”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是B。
50. 【答案】B。took a chance的意思是“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”；came to nothing的意思是“化為泡影”；went into action的意思是“開始行動(dòng)”；got to the point的意思是“適當(dāng)?shù)兀靡I(lǐng)地”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是B。
51. 【答案】B。in excitement的意思是“激動(dòng)地”，這在意思上與整個(gè)句子的意思不一致；in disappointment的意思是“失望地”，與整句話的意思相一致；in disgust的意思是“憎恨地”，與選項(xiàng)B相比在意思上不夠合適；in expectation的意思是“期望地”，在感情色彩上與整個(gè)句子不合拍。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是B。
52.【答案】A。oblivious to的意思是“對(duì)…不注意”；guilty of的意思是“對(duì)…有負(fù)罪感”；wary of的意思是“小心的，機(jī)警的，慎重的”；subject to的意思是“屈服于”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是A。
53. 【答案】B。in context的意思是“在上下文中”；in practice的意思是“在實(shí)踐中”；in place的意思是“代替”；in case的意思是“萬一”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是B。
54. 【答案】D。in memory of的意思是“為紀(jì)念…”；in search of的意思是“尋找，尋求，試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)”；in control of的意思是“管理，掌握”；in need of的意思是“需要”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是D。
55. 【答案】D。credit的意思是“信賴，相信”；defy的意思是“辯駁，駁倒”；modify的意思是“修飾，修改”；define的意思是“給…下定義”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是D。
56. 【答案】A。luxury的意思是“豪華，奢侈品”；festivity的意思是“歡慶氣氛，慶祝活動(dòng)”；dimension的意思是“尺寸，大小，容積”；instrument的意思是“儀器，設(shè)備”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是A。
57. 【答案】A。consistent的意思是“前后一致的，符合”；insistent的意思是“極力主張的，堅(jiān)持要的，引人注目的”；beneficent的意思是“有同情心的，親切的”；resistant的意思是“抵制的”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是A。
58. 【答案】C。guidance的意思是“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，率領(lǐng)；學(xué)生指導(dǎo)，輔導(dǎo)”；instruction的意思是“講授，教育，指導(dǎo)；命令，指示”；premise的意思是“前提，根據(jù)”；eminence的意思是“著名，名聲，顯赫”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是C。
59. 【答案】B。on board的意思是“在船上，在飛機(jī)上”；at ease的意思是“放松，稍息”；at leisure的意思是“空閑的，有空的”；at heart的意思是“在心底，實(shí)際上”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是B。
60. 【答案】C。reconcile的意思是“使和好，調(diào)�！保籦lend的意思是“混合，調(diào)和”；allege的意思是“宣稱，指控”；refer的意思是“指，參考”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是C。
61. 【答案】A。fold是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“折疊”；wrap是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“把…用…包起來”；roll是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“滾動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，把…搓成卷”；slide是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“順著…滑動(dòng)”。fold the letter是常用短語，意思是“把信折起來”。況且，根據(jù)我們的常識(shí)判斷，我們也會(huì)知道是“把信折起來”。故本題的正確答案選A。
62. 【答案】D。inconsistently的意思是“矛盾地，不協(xié)調(diào)地”；supposedly的意思是“原則上，想象上，恐怕，大概”；notedly的意思是“著名地”；markedly的意思是“顯著地，明顯地”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是D。
63. 【答案】D。condemnation的意思是“譴責(zé)”；configuration的意思是“構(gòu)造，結(jié)構(gòu)，外形”；constitution的意思是“建立，設(shè)立，制定，任命”；contamination的意思是“污染，污染物”。結(jié)合整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是D。
64. 【答案】B。expire的意思是“（一段時(shí)間）終止，到期”；abolish的意思是“廢止，廢除，革除（戰(zhàn)爭，奴役，舊習(xí)俗）”；amend的意思是“改善，改良，改正”；constrain的意思是“強(qiáng)迫，勉強(qiáng)（某人）做某事，（良心、內(nèi)在力量）驅(qū)使”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是B。
65. 【答案】C。acceptable的意思是“可以接受的”；accessory是名詞，其意思是“附件，附屬品”；accessible的意思是“可以接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可用的，可參觀的”；possible的意思是“可能的”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是C。
66. 【答案】D。retard的意思是“阻止，妨礙”；eradicate的意思是“根除，削減”；dispense的意思是“分配，分發(fā)，分給”；handle的意思是“處理，對(duì)付”。根據(jù)整句話的意思和搭配判斷，我們可知本題的正確答案是D。
67. 【答案】C。hit是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“擊，打”；beat是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“打，戰(zhàn)勝”；rack是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“過度剝削”；exhaust是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“使筋疲力盡”。結(jié)合整句話的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可知只有rack才能與brains一起構(gòu)成固定搭配rack one’ s brains。故本題的正確答案選C。
68. 【答案】B。peer是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“凝視，注視”；peek是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“偷看，窺視”；peel是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“削皮”；pile是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“堆積”。結(jié)合整句話的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可知本題的正確答案選B。
69. 【答案】A。counterpart的意思是“互相對(duì)應(yīng)的人和物，配對(duì)物”；equal的意思是“同等的人”；one是代詞，意思是“一個(gè)”；copy的意思是“復(fù)制品”。結(jié)合整句話的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可知本題的正確答案選A。
70. 【答案】A。gave up的意思是“放棄”；gave away的意思是“送掉，贈(zèng)送”；gave off意思是“發(fā)出，釋放出”；gave in意思是“屈服”。結(jié)合整句話的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可知本題的正確答案選A。
Part IV
71． hang 意作“懸掛”時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)變化“hang，hung，hung”；意作“吊死，該死”時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)變化為“hang ，hanged ，hanged”。此處作“懸掛”講，且全篇敘述都用的是過去時(shí)，所以應(yīng)該使用過去式hung。
72． “warn sb of sth ”為固定搭配，所以將from改成of。
73． 定語從句中，如先行詞后出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)，為非限制性定語從句，則關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。
74． “tired”不是動(dòng)詞，是分詞形式的形容詞。一個(gè)句子中不可能沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，所以填上一個(gè)“were”，因?yàn)椤癰e tired”表示“勞累”。
75． “B.ut today ”暗示這句話應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以應(yīng)把過去式sent改成現(xiàn)在時(shí)send。
76． “modern lighthouse”辯認(rèn)identify 的對(duì)象是它自己，所以應(yīng)該使用反身代詞itself。
77． 此句意思是“l(fā)ight”像“giant firefly ”，as不表示“像”的意思，所以將其改成like。
78． 動(dòng)詞變成形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，如果與名詞是主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞變成-ing形式，如果與名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞變成過去分詞形式。“l(fā)ight”與“revolve”應(yīng)是主謂關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式revolving來修飾名詞light。
79． How 與however后面直接接形容詞，然后再加名詞，如：How beautiful the flowers are ！what 與whatever后面直接接名詞，如：What beautiful flowers！此句應(yīng)用whatever，因?yàn)?其后緊跟著一個(gè)名詞“the signal”。
80．a(chǎn)nd 前后句子結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱，“which lighthouse it is ”與“where it isolated”對(duì)稱，不需要being。另外，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀態(tài)，不是動(dòng)作，“being”表示正在定位于何處。
Model Composition
As can be clearly seen from the cartoon, a bird is sitting on the top of a huge ax, with tears streaming from its eyes. Because all the trees are cut down, the bird will have no habitat. The cartoon conveys the meaning that it is urgent to preserve the woods for the birds and protect the environment for human beings.
The cutting of trees, as well as the destruction of our environment, may lead to several harms as follows. In the first place, the trees provide us with many vital things we humans need, such as oxygen, food, shelter and so on. The animals, such as the bird in the picture, also need the trees. In the second place, if trees are cut down, then there will be nothing to retain the rain water, thus floods will happen more often in the future. Last but not least, there is only one earth. If the environment is destroyed, then we will have no place to live in.
Since this phenomenon causes so many harmful effects, we have to come up with some measures to deal with it. First of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of “sustainable development”, just as our government has been doing. What’s more, every citizen should realize the seriousness of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment.
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