北京大學外語學院 錢清
PartⅠ
Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example:You will hear:
M: When shall we start our work, Jane?
W: Tomorrow at 9 o’clock. But we must work quickly, for we have to finish everything before 2 in the afternoon.
Q: For how long can they work?
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours.
D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)“5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.
Sample Answer ［A］ ［B］［C］ ［D］
1.A) The man should try to be more understanding.
B) The man’s wife should be more understanding.
C) The man’s negative attitude may be derived from his childhood.
D) The pessimism of man’s wife may be the result of her past experiences.
2.A) A snowstorm. B) An earthquake.
C) A traffic accident. D) A hurricane.
3.A) The two speakers are classmates.
B) The man is majoring in elementary education.
C) The woman is majoring in elementary education.
D) The two speakers got to know each other in a class.
4.A) She’s got a stomachache.B) She feels perfectly fine.
C) She’s going to get married.D) She’s going to have a baby.
5.A) It is the best city he’s ever visited.
B) It was worse than he had expected.
C) It is difficult to get around in the city.
D) The hotel service is terrible in the city.
6.A) To encourage them.
B) To stop them immediately.
C) To give some explanation.
D) To leave them alone.
7.A) Unemployment. B) Family breakup.
C) Mental problems. D) Drinking.
8.A) The woman is the man’s boss.
B) The man is the woman’s husband.
C) The woman is the headmaster of a school.
D) The woman wants to know something about a student.
9.A) They are attending a concert.
B) They are negotiating about a price.
C) They are planning to go for a date.
D) They are buying something for their firm.
10.A) The man is a football fan.
B) The man needs the woman’s help.
C) The man didn’t watch TV last night.
D) The man often has power failure at home.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.\;
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and (11)____; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. (12)____ thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing (13)____ clothes?\;
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people (14)____. A person’s selfconcept is (15)____ in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s (16)____. In general, the way people think about themselves has a (17)____ effect on all areas of their lives.\;
Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. (18)____. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one:“you’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.”(19)____.\;
Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? (20)____. People’s expectations of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.
Part Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
When Kathie Gifford’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Walmart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.\;
This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to selfregulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.\;
Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping publicsector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayerfinanced contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years.
21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with?
A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America.
B)A serious problem threatening American economy.
C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America.
D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America.
22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____.
A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown
B) was one of the wellpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown
C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown
D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers
23.The underlined phrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____.
A) to accept unwillingly
B) to refuse coldly
C) to welcome warmheartedly
D) to blame strongly
24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true?
A) It will become the country’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer.
B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct.
C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct.
D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign.
25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign?
A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct.
B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct.
C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility.
D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the WalMart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his parttime receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.\;
A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as moneymarket funds).\;
How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.\;
Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that largecompany stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.\;
But shortterm risk is another matter. In 1974, a oneyear $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.\;
With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behind treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.\;
With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.\;
As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need the money for a long time, then put it into stocks. If you need it soon, put it into bonds and cash.
26.This passage is intended to give advice on ____.
A) how to avoid inflation risks
B) what kinds of bonds to buy
C) how to get rich by investing in stock market
D) how to become richer by spreading the risk
27.The author mentions such millionaires as the Rockefellers and Bill Gates to show that ____.
A) they are examples for us on our road to wealth
B) a portfolio is essential to financial success
C) they are really rich people
D) they started out on their own
28.Which of the following statements will the author support?
A) Everybody can get rich with some financial assets.
B) The credit risk for treasury bonds is extremely high.
C) It’s no use trying to know the advantages of stocks, bonds and cash.
D) Everybody should realize the importance of distribution of their financial assets.
29.The word “returns” in paragraph three can be best replaced by “____.”
A) returning journeys
B) profits
C) savings
D) investments
30.The author of the passage points out that ____.
A) keeping cash is the only way to avoid risks
B) the longer you own a stock, the more you lost
C) the high rate of profit and high rate of risk coexist in stocks
D) the best way to accumulate wealth is by investing in stocks
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.\;
Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level—variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum—or the data many represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reducing to comprehensibly form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.\;
Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficiency to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.
31.What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A) Development and application of statistics.
B) Origin of descriptive statistics.
C) Limitations of inferential statistics.
D) Importance of statistics.
32.Describing and tabulating are associated with ____.
A) inferential statistics
B) descriptive statistics
C) theories of probability
D) inefficiency of counting
33.Which of the following statements is true about descriptive statistics?
A) It combines quantitative variables and qualitative variables.
B) It can be used to deal with only quantitative variables.
C) It helps to summarize properties of a group of data.
D) It helps to make predictions using a sample of observations.
34.The word “unwieldy” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A) difficult to collect B) difficult to tackle
C) incomprehensive D) uncontrollable
35.A sample of a population is often examined for the following purposes except ____.
A) to make a more accurate prediction of trend
B) to improve efficiency and avoid unnecessary work
C) to save the trouble of approaching every members
D) to predict characteristics of the entire population
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The Japanese are fascinated by automata and new inventions. Japanese children are used to friendly robots in their comics, in toys, and in TV animated cartoons. When as adults they join the workforce,robots mean that there is no need to import cheap foreign labor, as happens in many other parts of the world. There is no need for humans to put up with dirty, minddeadening mechanical work the robot does it all without complaint, around the clock. Robots don’t go on strike over tea breaks they don’t have tea, or any other kind of breaks:they work, day and night, without having to be paid overtime, without making mistakes. Human tasks are subject to human error: robot error seldom or never occurs except as a result of human error!\;
In Japan, robots are almost respected for their virtues. When a new robot is introduced to a small suburban factory, a Shinto priest is invited to inaugurate it. He inaugurates the robot with words along the lines of “Welcome to our coworker, we hope you’ll help him settle in.” No one laughs.\;
FANUC demonstrates the Japanese tendency to conform particularly strikingly. The founder of FANUC, Dr. Inaba, has created an army that makes no distinction between bluecollar, whitecollar and steelcollar worker: everyone, including the warlord himself, is dressed in yellow clothing issued free by the company. Perh
aps to make up for the boring nature of the work, there are a number of other company perks. Company benefits, including pay, are much higher than in similar companies in Japan. Travel to and from work is provided free in the company’s yellow buses. However, workers are expected to put in demanding unpaid “overtime.” There is a clock in the product development laboratory set to run at ten times the normal speed, the remind everyone that the company is on a war footing.\;
As we watched Dr. Inaba’s yellow helicopter soar away to Narita airport, we couldn’t help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.
36.According to the author, which of the following is not true to the Japanese?
A) Robots mean there is no need to import cheap foreign labor.
B) Robots mean that humans needn’t do dirty and noisy work.
C) Robots mean there are no strikes nor overtimes.
D) Robots mean there is no mistake in any form.
37.What can be inferred form the words “He inaugurates the robot with words along the lines of ‘Welcome to our coworker, we hope you’ll help him settle in.’No one laughs.”?
A) The Japanese has no sense of humor while at work.
B) The Japanese does not understand the words of the Shinto priest.
C) The Japanese shows a true respect for robots.
D) The Japanese goes too far in their respect for robots.
38.Which of the following is not true about FANUC?
A) Workers receive higher pay for working overtime.
B) Workers enjoy free travel to and from work.
C) Workers are doing boring, sometimes demanding work.
D) Workers are reminded of being on a war footing.
39.What is not implied in the following works “we couldn’t help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.”?
A) Our technology is not yet up to the needs of Dr. Inaba’s dream.
B) Dr. Inaba’s dream of world domination in robotics lacks humanity.
C) Dr. Inaba’s dream of allied applications is too practical.
D) The author is in favor of Dr. Inaba’s dream.
40.What does “our coworker” refer to in the sentence “Welcome to our coworker, we hope you’ll help him settle in?”
A) Japanese workers who attend the inauguration.
B) The introduced robot.
C) The people who have invented the robot.
D) Japanese workers in general.
Part Ⅲ
Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked. A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
41.Since the most commonly accepted test is the TOEFL exam, most institutions will expect a ____ TOEFL score for admission.
A) minimal B) maximal
C) mimimum D) maximum
42.It was believed that his death ____ with the robbery of the bank downtown.
A) accompanied B) coincided
C) correlated D) conformed
43.Does Emerson find his career full and ____ as a basketball player?
A) conflicting B) charming C) rewarding D) awarding
44.The local government gave the first ____ to education after the war.
A) projection B) protection C） profession D) priority
45.The professor ____ his habit of getting up early in the morning to do writing all his life.
A) projection B) retained C） retailed D) revitalized
46.The news of our team winning the match was really ____, and millions
of people came out to celebrate the victory.
A) overwhelming B) accelerating C） prompting D) preceding
47.What the government should do urgently is to take actions to ____ the economy.
A) brook B) blush C） boost D) brood
48.The explosion in the mine was ____ by a careless miner who lit a match.
A) triggered B) claimed C） hampered D) protested
49.The mass newspaper depended significantly more on advertising ____ than did their predecessors.
A) revenues B) incomes C） avenues D) outcomes
50.Some minerals are quite common, others are regionally ____, and still others are rare on the earth.
A) attributed B) distributed C） contributed D) scattered
51.The most successful way to solve the language problem while a foreign
play is being performed is ____ translation.
A) instantaneous B) spontaneous C） simultaneous D) homogeneous
52.The hostess ____ in the contract that the rent should be paid in cash at the beginning of each month.
A) assumed B) submitted C） exposed D) specified
53.This year, the number of accidents has ____ that of last year.
A) overtaken B) overweighed C） overcome D) overshadowed
54.You must ____ yourself or they will continue to bully you, so you will go on living in disgrace.
A) assess B) assert C） maintain D) promote
55.While both plans were perfectly sensible, only one seemed ____ in China’s particular situation.
A) available B) feasible C）resolvable D) presumable
56.A good teacher must know how to ____ his ideas to the students, as generally agreed by educational experts.
A) transmit B) transfer C） convey D) communicate
57.If you keep on taking on more work than you can do, your health will ____.
A) decline B) degrade C） degenerate D) deteriorate
58.The director tried to wave aside these issues as ____ details that would be settled later.
A) preliminary B) primary C） trivial D) alternative
59.As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ____ of a brilliant career.
A) end B) edge C） threshold D) course
60.During the famine of 1943, millions of peasants ____ to the cities because they could not make a living in the countryside.
A) immigrated B) emigrated C） migrated D) generated
61.I’m sorry to inform you that you application has been declined. Our manager thought you were not ____ for the post.
A) legible B) eligible C） valid D) literate
62.Visitors to Britain are sometimes surprised to learn that newspapers there have such a large ____.
A) issue B) distribution C） coverage D) circulation
63.This line was carrying equal number of eastbound and westbound trains, and they ____ regularly.
A) altered B) alternated C) switched D) exchanged
64.The three astronauts have splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, only six
miles from the aircraft carrier that was ____ for the recovery mission.
A) dispatched B) deposited C) deployed D) delivered
65.Pubs have fanciful names like “The Red Lion” or “The Pig and Whistle” and they often have picutre on a signboard outside to ____ the name.
A) justify B) illustrate C) modify D) clarify
66.There are two main requirements before the fifthgeneration computer can become a reality and it is these that scientists are ____.
A) anticipating B) tackling C) manipulating D) speculating
67.College students in this city have set up “the Cleaner Air Society”
to help urban citizens become aware of the ____ to our environment.
A) conditions B) situations C) dangers D) threats
68.When you get a minor burn, pour some cold water on it, which will help
____ the pain of the burn.
A) relieve B) relax C) reveal D) release
69.The library published a colletion of books recently made ____ to the public.
A) acceptable B) accessible C) accommodable D) accountable
70.For 14 years after her spouse’s death, she saw the ____ meaning of her life as nourishing her son and safeguarding her husband’s works.
A) due B) lone C) sole D) keen
Part Ⅳ
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.Many of
1.time
the arguments having used for the study of literature as a school subject
2.
are valid for ∧ study of television. 3.the
Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one, and there are powerful
political pressures to keep it that way. Any attempt to redistributing wealth and in 71.____
come in the United States will inevitably be opposed by powerful middle and upper
class interests. People can be relatively rich only if you are relatively poor, and as 72.____
power is mainly in the hands of the rich, public policies reflect their interests than 73.____
those of the poor.
As Mr. Herbert Gans has pointed out, poverty is actually functional from the
point of view of the nonpoor. Poverty ensures that dirty work gets doing. If there 74.____
were no poor poeple to scrub floors and empty bedpans, there jobs will have to be 75.____
rewarded with high incomes before anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs
for many of the nonpoor, such as police officers, welfare workers, and government
bureaucrats. Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cookers, 76.____
gardeners, and other workers to perform basic chores when their employers enjoy 77.____
more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for more inferior goods and 78.____
service, such as dayold bread, rundown automobiles, or the advice of competent 79.____
physicians and lawyers. Poverty also provides a group that can be made to absorb
the costs of change. It is just that poverty is an inevitable outcome of the American
economic system, in which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change. 80.____
Part Ⅴ
Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Cope with Personal Crisis.
You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
How to Deal with Personal Crisis
1.造成個人危機的起因。
2.應對個人危機的方法。
答案部分
聽力原文
Section A
1.M:I couldn’t put up with my wife any longer. I don’t know why she usually wants to look at everything in such a negative way.
W:Maybe you should try to get to know something about her childhood.
Q:What does the woman mean?
2.M:Lucy, could you describe what you were doing at the moment?
W:Well, I was still sleeping at 6 o’clock. Then there was this horrible sound and the floor was just bouncing and rolling like waves, all at the same time.
Q:What are the speakers talking about?
3.W:Hi, Peter. I was surprised to see you in the class in children’s literature yesterday. Are you also majoring in elementary education?
M:No, I’m not. But as a psychology major I can use this to fulfill the requirement in developmental psychology.
Q:What do you learn from the conversation?
4.W:Dr. Cassidy. I’m actually fine. It’s just that I’ve been a little tired the last few days, and my stomach is kind of upset.
M:Well, that doesn’t surprise me. I have some news that you might find exciting.
You’re pregnant.
Q:What do you know about the woman?
5.W:Mike, how did you enjoy your trip? What did you think of Los Angeles?
M:It was all right. I liked it better than I thought I would. The problem is transportation. The bus service is terrible, and they don’t have a subway.
Q:What does the man think of Los Angeles?
6.W:Dr. Weinstein, should parents let their children watch television or read about the war?
M:If parents are going to let their kids read or watch television coverage of the war, it’s important for them to read along and help their kids interpret what they’re reading or seeing.
Q:What should parents do if their children watch television or read about the war?
7.W:Tony, who are the street people? How did they get to be living in the street?
M:Well, some of them lost their jobs, some of them have mental problems, and some of them drink.
Q:Which of the following factors is not mentioned as a cause of becoming street people?
8.M:Miss Hanson, thank you for sending me this note. I’m sorry to hear Mario is being a problem.
W:I’m not sure what’s happening to Mario. He’s usually an excellent student. He completes all his work and he’s quiet in class. Then, last month, he just changed.
Q:What can you infer from the conversation?
9.W:This is our rockbottom price, Mr. Li. We can’t make any further concessions.
M:If that’s the case, there’s not much point in further discussion. We might as well can the whole deal off.
Q:What are the man and the woman doing?
10.W:You don’t look smart this morning. I can see you’re not happy. Come on, what happened?
M:I had never expected this would have happened to me. We had a power failure at home last night and I missed most of football match.
Q:What can we infer from the conversation?
Section B
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and (11) selfconscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. (12)Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing (13)unattractive clothes?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people (14)adversely. A person’s selfconcept is (15)reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s (16)reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a (17)profound effect on all areas of their lives.\;Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. (18)They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one：“You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” (19)It is clear that, while selfawareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? (20)Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of selfesteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. People’s expectations of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.
答案與詳解
Part Ⅰ
Section A
1.【答案】D。
【試題分析】判斷推理題。
【詳細解答】男士不明白其妻子為什么總是以否定的態(tài)度看待一切，女士說他應該了解一下其妻子孩童時代的事情。從這位女士的話中可以推斷出，其妻子的悲觀態(tài)度可能是自小形成的，即D。
2.【答案】B。
【試題分析】判斷推理題。
【詳細解答】男士讓女士描述一下當時的情形，女士說當時她正在睡覺，突然聽到一陣可怕的聲音，地板掀了起來，并像波浪一樣搖晃，而這一切都是同時發(fā)生的。這顯然不會是發(fā)生了暴風雪（snowstorm）和交通事故（traffic accident），颶風（hurricane）也不會掀起室內地板。所以四個選項中，地震（earthquake）是最符合這一情形的。
3.【答案】C。
【試題分析】分析比較題。
【詳細解答】女士昨天在兒童文學班碰到彼德，感到很詫異；于是問彼德是不是也主修基礎教育（這句話表明她自己主修基礎教育，即C項）。彼德說不是（可以排除B項），他主修心理學，因為學習發(fā)展心理學的需要而前來聽課。再比較四個選項，他們顯然不是同學（可以排除A），因為女士碰到男士時感到吃驚；他們也不是在班上認識的（可以排除D），因為他們并不在同一個班。
4.【答案】D。
【試題分析】詞義理解題。
【詳細解答】女士說自己最近幾天感覺累，并且反胃；醫(yī)生說她懷孕了，所以她將生小孩。關鍵詞是pregnant（懷孕的）。
5.【答案】C。
【試題分析】歸納總結題。
【詳細解答】女士問邁克洛杉磯之行的感受，邁克說還不錯，問題是交通，洛杉磯的公汽服務太糟糕了，并且還沒有地鐵。這些歸納起來，可以說明在洛杉磯市內通行不便，即C。
6.【答案】C。
【試題分析】詞義理解題。
【詳細解答】女士問父母應不應該讓孩子觀看戰(zhàn)爭題材的電視或書籍，醫(yī)生說如果讓他們看的話，父母應該陪在旁邊，并幫助他們理解所看或所讀內容。關鍵詞是along（而不是alone）和help sb. interpret（幫助某人理解，即“解釋”）。
7.【答案】B。
【試題分析】獲取信息題。
【詳細解答】女士問男士，在街上流浪的是哪些人？男士說，有失業(yè)的，有精神病患者，還有一些酒鬼。這些信息中沒有“家庭破裂者”（選項B）。
8.【答案】D。
【試題分析】判斷推理題。
【詳細解答】女士送給男士一張便條，說瑪里奧成了“問題”學生。男士對此感到難過。女士說她不能確定瑪里奧到底出了什么事，他一直是個優(yōu)秀的學生，能夠完成所有作業(yè)，在課堂上很安靜；但自上個月以來，他變了。這位女士將此事告之男士，說她不明白瑪里奧變化的原因，說明她想了解這位學生的情況，即D。
9.【答案】B。
【試題分析】獲取信息題。
【詳細解答】女士說出她的最低價，并表示不能再讓步；男士說如果是這樣，就無需再討論了，他們將取消整筆交易。關鍵詞是rock-bottom price（最低價），can the whole deal off（取消整筆交易，can在此為動詞，表示解雇，取消）。
10.【答案】A。
【試題分析】判斷推理題。
【詳細解答】女士問男士為什么不高興，男士說他昨晚家里停電，他錯過了大半場足球比賽�？梢娺@位男士是個足球迷。
Section B
內容概要:
本段聽力材料講的是羞怯的人常見的行為方式，他們給周圍人所帶來的不良影響以及這些人的內心想法。作者認為羞怯的人應該對自己有個正確而現實的認識，不要生活在一些不可能的假設之中。
11.【答案】self-conscious
【詳細解答】本空所在的這一句中，前面有anxious和and，可以肯定11是一個與anxious（憂慮的）相近的形容詞。再看前面的主語是shy people，那么羞怯的人一般是憂慮和忸怩。結合音，可知此空應填self-conscious（不自然的；忸怩的）。
12.【答案】Worrisome
【詳細解答】從本句結構來看，空處應填一個形容詞，而且修飾thoughts（想法）。羞怯的人心中常常會有什么樣的想法呢？從錄音中很容易聽出worry這個詞的音，但該詞不能作形容詞用。那么以worry的音開頭的形容詞有哪些呢？有worried， worrying， worrisome， worriless。從意思上看，worriless應該去掉。再結合該單詞的后半部分發(fā)音，可知應該填worrisome（使人煩惱的）。
13.【答案】unattractive
【詳細解答】本空前面講了一串使人煩惱的想法：我會給別人留下什么樣的印象？他們喜歡我嗎？我聽起來很愚蠢嗎？我穿的是____的衣服嗎？所以空處應填一形容詞，表示不受歡迎的或不引人注意的意思。再結合發(fā)音，很容易聽出attractive的音，但意思反了；想到其義詞并根據其前綴的發(fā)音，即可猜出是unattractive。
14.【答案】adversely
【詳細解答】從本句意思來看，說的是上述提及的一些不舒服的感覺會影響人們，所以這種影響肯定是負面的或不利的；再從句子結構來看，前半部分是完整的句子，所以空處應該是一個狀語，只填一個詞的話，那么應是一個副詞。表示“負面的，不利的”含義的一個副詞，再結合發(fā)音，可以得知是adversely，本詞是典型的adj. + ly構成的副詞。
15.【答案】reflected
【詳細解答】從句子結構來看，空處是在系動詞is之后，所以應填一個作表語的詞或動詞的過去分詞表示被動語態(tài)；再看句子意思，一個人對自我的看法是通過其行為方式所____的，很明顯，此處應填“反映出，表達出”含義的詞；再聽發(fā)音，可以得知reflected。事實上，該詞的發(fā)音比較容易辨別。
16.【答案】reactions
【詳細解答】此句講的是一個人的行為方式影響別人的____，所以空處應填一個表示“情緒，反應，看法”等含義的名詞；再細聽音，很容易辨別為reactions。需注意的是應用其復數形式。
17.【答案】profound
【詳細解答】此空前面是冠詞a，后面是名詞effect，所以空處應填一個輔音開頭的形容詞；再看句子意思，人們看待自己的方式對他們生活的各個方面產生____的影響，空處意思應為“深遠的，重大的，較大的”等含義；再仔細聽音，不難知道答案。
18.【答案】They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise.
【詳細解答】本空要求填一個句子。填句子的基本要求是與前后句在意思上要連貫，沒有語法和拼寫錯誤。本空前面是講羞怯的人對于批評很敏感，后面是說他們通常會說一些消極的話來回應別人的稱贊，那么空處的意思應該是講他們對待稱贊的態(tài)度，而且這種態(tài)度肯定是不高興的。其中有一個關鍵詞compliment，后面已經出現了。再結合發(fā)音，可以得知該句是帶有原因狀語從句的一個復合句，從句中難點是unworthy of praise，也可以寫成they don’t deserve praise。
19.【答案】It is clear that， while self-awareness is a healthy quality， overdoing it is harmful.
【詳細解答】從前后文來看，本句話應是作者對前面羞怯的人所說的一句話的評論。前面一句話為“你們這樣說是為了讓我感覺良好，但我知道這是不真實的”，那么作者對這句話的評價肯定是否定的，因為這些人的自知之明太過了。再聽音，self-awareness是一個關鍵詞，但前面出現過類似的詞，如：self-conscious， self-concept；難點是overdoing，可以根據句子意思再結合音來猜測，而且要注意變?yōu)閯用~形式。同時要注意本句中間插有一個比較狀語從句，要注意斷句。
20. 【答案】Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem， it is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths.
【詳細解答】本句話是回答前面的問句。前面問：羞怯感能否完全消除，或者減弱？作者緊接著側面回答了如何來減弱。當聽到since這個詞引導從句時，應該想到本句又是一個帶狀語從句的復合句。有幾個短語：hand in hand with（手拉手，緊緊相連），as well as（也……，和……一起），關鍵詞有self-esteem（該詞的形近詞前面已經出現了幾次），weakness和strength一對反義詞。在聽第二遍和第三遍時應重點抓住這些短語和關鍵詞，整個句子便可輕松寫出來。
Part Ⅱ
Passage One
內容概要:
本文講述了美國“工作場所操作規(guī)范”誕生的背景和實施情況。1996年，美國一些地方和部門的低收入工人抗議血汗工廠，隨后克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運動，要求零售商和制造商簽署《工作場所操作規(guī)范》�？墒菄啦烤芙^執(zhí)行；美國勞工部作為政府部門，卻稱主要要求制造商們遵守安全和衛(wèi)生規(guī)定。
21.【答案】D。
【譯文】這篇文章主要講述什么？
【試題分析】歸納概括題(Summing up and summarizing)，這種試題要求學生能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心大意。
【詳細解答】文章從開始就講述眾多的低收入工人集體抗議工作條件，導致Kathie Gifford的服裝廠被曝光；于是克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運動，可是國防部拒絕簽署《工作場所操作規(guī)范》，勞工部卻稱該部門主要要求制造商們遵守安全和衛(wèi)生規(guī)定�？梢娒绹块T對于血汗工廠的問題存有分歧，也難以解決。所以文章的中心大意是美國血汗工廠的問題目前最嚴重的地方是美國政府對此的態(tài)度不夠統(tǒng)一和堅決。A）太偏，不是講美國勞工部的職能；B）太泛，沒有指明哪個問題，也不一定威脅到美國的經濟；C）與文章意思相反，美國規(guī)范血汗工廠的努力并沒有成功。D）最符合文章主題。
22.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據本文，Kathie Gifford____ ？
【試題分析】細節(jié)理解題(Understanding details)。這類題一般只針對文章中某一個特定的細節(jié)，也可以涉及若干個細節(jié)，或者針對文章的主要事實而設問。
【詳細解答】見文章第一句話“When Kathie Gifford...condemn such practices.”，Kathie Gifford的高利潤的服裝廠曝光了，之后她于1996年在報紙上被廣泛報道。所以C）為正確答案。A）和B）與本句意思不符，她不是一名工人；D）說她寫文章報道此事，也不對。
23.【答案】A。
【譯文】與劃線短語“to submit to” 意思最接近的是下列哪一項？
【試題分析】猜測詞義題(Guessing at word meaning)。即運用一些猜測生詞詞義的方法，猜測生詞的含義，以提高閱讀速度和理解能力。
【詳細解答】可以對上下文已知部分進行邏輯的推理。前面講到克林頓發(fā)起的“無血汗”運動勒令零售商和制造商對車間環(huán)境進行定期檢查，他們肯定是不情愿的，但這是總統(tǒng)的命令，所以他們就“不情愿地接受”。B）“冷冷地拒絕”；C）“熱烈地歡迎”；D）“強烈地譴責”均與上下文意思不符。
24.【答案】B。
【譯文】下列關于國防部的陳述哪一項是正確的？
【試題分析】分析判斷題(Making an analysis and a judgment)。即根據文章中提供的事實，經過分析、思考做出這樣或那樣的判斷選擇。
【詳細解答】這類題需要事先通讀全文，理解全文主旨，尤其是關于國防部的內容；然后再將四個選項進行比較，用排除法。A）國防部是美國第14大零售服裝制造商，這與文章中retail apparel outlet（零售服裝批發(fā)商店）不符；B）它沒有按照《工作場所操作規(guī)范》行事，這與文章中has not signed the code of conduct正好相符；C）它要求承包商簽署《工作場所操作規(guī)范》， 這與文章中it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.相反；D）它要求勞工部發(fā)起一場運動，文章中沒有提及。所以，對比分析可得知B為正確答案。
25.【答案】A。
【譯文】克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運動的目的是什么？
【試題分析】細節(jié)理解中的詞義轉換題。這種題常常是原文有關詞語和句子的轉換，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某個短語或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語和句子。
【詳細解答】文章第一段最后一句話“with much fanfare， ...， their workplace conditions.”是說，克林頓政府借此小題大做，以勒令制造商們對車間環(huán)境進行定期檢查。關鍵詞有pressure（強制，壓迫，勒令），to submit to（屈服，服從）。第二段第一句話“this campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Conduct.”更加直接說明了這場運動的目的，即讓他們簽署并執(zhí)行這一規(guī)范。故A）為正確答案。
Passage Two
內容概要:
本文介紹了大眾化投資的三種渠道，并分析了每種渠道的基本特征和適用對象。第一種是股票投資，回報豐厚，但風險較大；第二種是債券投資，回報稍少，但風險也較小，主要風險是借債人不還和通貨膨脹；第三種是投資現金，回報較少，通貨膨脹影響也較小�；驹瓌t是：如果你長期不需要用錢，就投資股票；如果你短期內要用錢，就投資債券和現金。
26.【答案】D。
【譯文】文章的目的是給____提供建議？
【試題分析】歸納概括題。需要考生總結歸納短文(段落)的主題(subject)，中心思想(main idea)，標題(title)或作者的寫作目的(purpose)。
【詳細解答】通讀全文后可知，本文主要介紹了投資的三種渠道，并分析了每種渠道的利弊（即風險程度），如何降低風險來投資致富，即D所指“如何降低風險來致富”。A）“如何避免通貨膨脹風險”，過于片面；B）“買入哪種債券”，不是文章的主題；C）“如何通過投資股票市場致富”，也過于片面。所以D）為正確答案，可以概括文章中心思想。
27.【答案】D。
【譯文】作者提及洛克菲勒、比爾蓋茨這樣的百萬富翁是想說明____？
【試題分析】推理判斷題。根據文章某一部分內容推理出作者的言外之意。需要找準、讀懂這部分內容，并分析與文章其它部分之間的聯系和作用。
【詳細解答】第一段最后一句話，“But today， ...， starting out on his own needs a portfolio.”這是講的今天每個人都可以根據自己的需要進行證券投資；推到前面一句，那么前面提及的百萬富翁也都是根據自己的需要開始證券投資而致富的。A）“他們是我們邁向致富之路的榜樣”，不具體，沒有說明如何致富；B）“證券投資對于經濟成功很關鍵”，這句話本身是正確的，但與第一段表達的意思不一致；C）“他們確實很富�！保膊皇堑谝欢嗡胍磉_的意思。D）“他們是從自己開始做起的”，這正是第一段所要表達的意思，即這些百萬富翁是從自己做起開始致富的，而現在每個人都可以這樣做，緊接著引入下面的投資指南。
28.【答案】D。
【譯文】作者贊同下列哪一項陳述？
【試題分析】分析判斷題。考生盡量考慮文中的全部信息或事實，在通盤理解文章的基礎上去分析每個選項的正誤。
【詳細解答】這類題應在理解文章的基礎上，著重比較四個選項，采取排除法。A）“只要有一些財產，每個人都可以致富”，憑常識判斷這句話本身就不對，更與作者想要介紹投資渠道的必要性和方法相悖；B）“購買國債的信譽風險極高”，這句話與“The U.S. government stands behind Treasury bonds， so the credit risk is almost nil.”意思完全相反；C）“了解股票、債券和現金的優(yōu)勢并無用處”，這與作者的觀點相反；D）“每個人都應該意識到金融財產重新分配的重要性�！边@正是第一段作者所說的“每個人都可以根據自己的需要采用不同的投資方式致富”的前提。故選D）。
29.【答案】B。
【譯文】第三段中的“returns”可以由以下哪個詞替代？
【試題分析】猜測詞義題。根據上下文來猜測生詞的含義。
【詳細解答】該詞本身的意思是“回來，回報”，再看句子“stocks pay higher returns but are more risky.”是說股票有更高的回報，但風險更大；我們憑常識判斷，股票的回報就是“賺錢，利潤”。比較四個選項，B）profits（利潤）正確。
30.【答案】C。
【譯文】文章的作者指出____
【試題分析】分析判斷題。比較四個選項，看哪一個符合作者的意思。
【詳細解答】“作者指出”可以是文章中直接提到的，也可以是作者的言外之意，要結合文章判斷四個選項本身是否正確。A）“保留現金是避免風險的唯一方式”，作者鼓勵合理投資，顯然這不是作者意思；B）“你持有股票越久，你損失越大。”這句話本身有誤，文章中也沒有提及；C）“高利潤和高風險在股票市場中同時存在”，這正是第三段中“stocks pay higher returns but are more risky.”意思，所以正確；D）“積累財富最好的方式是投資股票”，作者在文章最后明確指出“如果你長期不需要用錢，就投資股票；如果你短期要用，就投資債券和現金�！彼栽擁椧膊徽_。
Passage Three
內容概要:
本文介紹了兩種基本統(tǒng)計方法的發(fā)展及它們的應用。第一種是描述性統(tǒng)計方法，包括計算、測量、列表、排序、描述以及調查，既可統(tǒng)計數量也可統(tǒng)計質量；第二種是推理統(tǒng)計方法，主要是抽樣分析，然后推而廣之，得出結論。
31.【答案】A。
【譯文】本文主要講述什么？
【試題分析】典型的歸納概括題，要求考生歸納總結文章的中心思想。
【詳細解答】首先細想一下全文的內容概要，再看四個選項。A）“統(tǒng)計學的發(fā)展與應用”，正是文章所講的主要內容；B）“描述性統(tǒng)計”的起源，只說了文章中很小的一個方面；C）“推理統(tǒng)計方法的局限性”，文章中沒有提及；D）“統(tǒng)計的重要性”，不是本文的重點。綜合比較，A）正確。
32.【答案】B。
【譯文】描述和列表與____相關？
【試題分析】細節(jié)理解題。找到文章中相關的內容，理解其含義，然后做答。
【詳細解答】從文章的第二段可以得知，描述和列表是描述性統(tǒng)計方法的兩種形式。再看四個選項。A）“推理性統(tǒng)計”，沒有任何關系；B）“描述性統(tǒng)計”，正好相關；C）“可能性理論”，從第一段末可知，該理論是用于推理性統(tǒng)計的；D）“計算的無效”，與文章內容不符。故選B）。
33.【答案】C。
【譯文】關于描述性統(tǒng)計下列哪一個陳述是正確的？
【試題分析】分析判斷題。對比分析，存真去偽。
【詳細解答】仔細比較四個選項。A）“它將數量變量和質量變量結合起來了”，這誤解了第二段中第二句話“either...or...”句型，要么是數量變量，要么是質量變量；B）“它只能用來處理數量變量”，也與上面句型含義相悖；C）“它有助于總結一組數據的特征”，這正是第二段最后一句話“Large masses of data... the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.”的含義；D）“它有助于使用觀察抽樣進行預測”，這是推理性統(tǒng)計。所以選C）。
34.【答案】B。
【譯文】與第二段中“unwieldy” 單詞意思最接近的是____
【試題分析】猜測詞義題。通過上下文的含義猜測生詞的詞義，將四個選項分別放到原句子中去比較也不失為一種好辦法。
【詳細解答】第二段最后一句話“Large masses of data... the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.”的意思是說，大量的數據群必須要有一個總結或減收的過程，以從可能是亂七八糟的數據群中找出其特征，關鍵詞是otherwise，表示前后有個對比�？梢姾竺嫣峒暗膗nwieldy mass of data是難以處理的數據。再看四個選項：A）“難以收集”，文章沒有提收集；B）“難以處理”，與上下文正好相符；C）“不可理解的”，前面說將它們整理成容易理解的形式，可見它們還是“可以理解的”；D）“不可控制的”，與句意不符。故選B）。
35.【答案】A。
【譯文】人口抽樣經常用于下列目的，哪一項除外？
【試題分析】細節(jié)理解題。找到文章中關于人口抽樣的內容，再進行比較選擇。但要注意選的是除外的那一項。
【詳細解答】文章最后一段講到抽樣100個小孩來進行分析預測。A）“進行更加準確的趨勢預測”，抽樣本身就不可能是為了更加“準確”，所以A錯，應該選A。B）“提高效率，避免不必要工作”，這正是抽樣的作用；C）“省去找每個成員的麻煩”，這也正是人口抽樣的優(yōu)勢；D）“預測全體人群的特征”，正是人口抽樣的目的。所以選A）。
Passage Four
內容概要:
本文介紹了機器人在日本的迅速發(fā)展和廣泛應用。機器人在實際工作崗位上可以替代工人完成大量的工作，并表現出諸多的優(yōu)勢。正因為機器人的優(yōu)點，日本人通常要舉行隆重的儀式歡迎機器人投入工廠作業(yè)。日本著名的機器人專家伊納巴博士發(fā)明了大量機器人，正夢想著統(tǒng)治全世界的機器人行業(yè)。
36.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據作者的觀點，下列哪一項對于日本人來講是不正確的？
【試題分析】分析判斷題。通讀全文，并仔細比較四個選項；但要注意選擇不正確的那一項。
【詳細解答】在理解全文的基礎上，比較四個選項。A）是第一段第三句話的原話，所以正確；B）“機器人意味著人們不必從事骯臟和吵鬧的工作”，與第一段第四句話含義有所區(qū)別，原文是說，有了機器人人們就沒有必要“忍受（put up with）骯臟、吵鬧的工作，所以B與原文意思不完全一致；C）和D）也是文章中所提及的。相比較，A）、C）和D）都是文章中的原話，只有B）不符原意。故選B。
37.【答案】C。
【譯文】“他在為機器人舉行典禮儀式時，說這樣的話‘歡迎光臨我們的這位同事，我們希望你能幫助他安頓下來�！瘺]有一個人笑”，從這句話可以推斷出什么？
【試題分析】細節(jié)推理題。理解這句話的含義，然后推理出其中的深層含義，可進行比較選擇。
【詳細解答】這句話是對上帝說的。在場的人都很肅穆，沒有一個人笑，說明日本人在這種場合表現出虔誠，這是對機器人的一種尊敬。四個選項中，C）最符合原意。日本人不笑并不能說明他們沒有幽默感，也不是沒有聽懂牧師的話，他們的尊敬也沒有過頭，所以A）、B）、D）均不符題意。
38.【答案】A。
【譯文】下列關于FANUC的陳述哪一個不正確？
【試題分析】分析判斷題。
【詳細解答】文章倒數第二段中提到FANUC，這是日本一家專門研制機器人的公司。A）“工人們在加班時會有更高的回報”，可是文章中有一句話：“However， workers are expected to put in demanding unpaid overtime.”這種overtime是unpaid（沒有報酬的），所A不正確。B）、C）、D）選項均為文章中的原話。故選A）。
39.【答案】A。
【譯文】“我們禁不住這樣認為，如果他也想到將他的機器人設計為邊工作邊吹口哨，那么他統(tǒng)治全世界機器人行業(yè)和相關應用的夢想就會更加嫻雅地實現。”下列哪句話不是由這段文字推斷出來的？
【試題分析】分析判斷題。
【詳細解答】這段文字中think的賓語從句中使用的是虛擬語氣，表示不可能的假設，同時對Inada沒有想到這樣做表示一種遺憾和惋惜。A）是表示我們的技術還不足以讓Inada實現夢想，原文中是說他的夢想會更加嫻雅地實現，意即他的夢想已經實現，所以A錯；B）和C）均是說他的夢想太現實，缺乏人性，他設計的機器人并沒有邊工作邊吹口哨（這代表一種休閑的工作方式），而作者認為這樣，所以B和C均對；D）是說作者贊同Inada博士的夢想，從文字的語氣中可以得知作者是希望他實現夢想的，而且還提出了更好地實現夢想的建議，所以D也對。根據題意的要求，選A。
40.【答案】B。
【譯文】“歡迎光臨我們的這位同事，我們希望你能幫助他安頓下來�！边@句話中的“co-worker”指什么？
【試題分析】猜測詞義題。根據上下文猜測文中的指代名詞，這需要分析這個指代名詞的真正所指。
【詳細解答】這句話中，這位同事（co-worker）顯然與后半句中的“他”是同指，“他”安頓下來，那么“他”指什么呢？結合這是機器人投入使用的典禮儀式，是誰安頓下來呢？顯然就是即將投入使用的機器人。所以“這位同事”（co-worker）是指即將投入使用的機器人，即B。
Part Ⅲ
41.【答案】C。
【譯文】既然最受普遍接受的考試是托�？荚�，大多數院校在錄取時都會要求達到一個最低托福考試分數。
【試題分析】詞語辨析題，要求考生能夠辨析幾個形式和意思容易混淆的單詞，該詞可以分為兩組，每組中的兩個詞區(qū)別均較小。
【詳細解答】minimal常表示較小的，maximal指最大的，最高的，minimum常置于名詞之前，表示“最低限度、最低值”，maximum則指最大量，或最多的。根據詞意，我們可以排除表示“最高的”B、D兩個選項；minimal多指數量上的較小，minimum是最常用的表示最低限度的詞，且置于名詞前面。
42.【答案】B。
【譯文】人們認為他的死和市中心一家銀行的搶劫案是同時發(fā)生的。
【試題分析】詞語辨析題。檢查考生對幾個形式和意思容易混淆的詞組be accompanied with、be coincided with、be correlated with與be conformed with的區(qū)別。
【詳細解答】be accompanied with (a thing)“伴隨著……”，be coincided with “恰巧相合，與……同時發(fā)生”，be correlated with “與…發(fā)生關系，與…有關系”，be conformed with “使一致，使遵守， 適應環(huán)境”。通過對比可得知，B最符合題意。
43.【答案】C。
【譯文】作為一名籃球運動員，愛默遜覺得他的職業(yè)（生活）充實而有價值嗎？
【試題分析】詞語辨析題。檢查考生對幾個形式和意思容易混淆的單詞的區(qū)別及正確應用程度的掌握情況。
【詳細解答】conflicting的意思是“相沖突的， 不一致的， 相矛盾的”；charming“迷人的， 嬌媚的， 可愛的； 有趣的”；rewarding “有價值的；有益的”，如a rewarding job 有價值的工作；awarding“授獎的、判定的”。從意思上看，宜為C。
44.【答案】D。
【譯文】戰(zhàn)后，地方政府給教育以最優(yōu)先權（發(fā)展）。
【試題分析】詞語辨析題。檢查考生對幾個形式和意思容易混淆的單詞的區(qū)別及正確應用程度的掌握情況，這幾個詞均以字母p開頭。
【詳細解答】projection“發(fā)射，預測，預示，計劃 ”；protection“保護，警戒(from， against)”；profession“職業(yè)(尤指從事腦力勞動或受過專門訓練的)，聲明，宣言， 表白”；priority“把…(計劃或目標)列入優(yōu)先地位”，固定搭配有give (first) priority to 給……以(最)優(yōu)先權。從句子意思判斷，應該選D。
45.【答案】B。
【譯文】這位教授終生都保持著早晨早起寫作的習慣。
【試題分析】詞語辨析題。要求能夠正確辨析幾個形式和意思容易混淆的單詞。
【詳細解答】projection的意思見上題； retain“保持，保留”；retail“零售， 轉述”；revitalize“使恢復元氣；使有新的活力； 使新生”。從詞意上來看，此處只能選B。
46.【答案】A。
【譯文】我們的球隊贏得這場比賽的消息非常振奮人心，數百萬人出來慶祝這一勝利。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組形容詞，而且混淆。
【詳細解答】overwhelming“壓倒性的，無法抵抗的”；accelerating“加速(的)， 促進的，催化（的）”；prompting“促進的，激勵的”；preceding“在前的，前述的”。根據詞意可知，答案應為A。
47.【答案】C。
【譯文】政府當務之急是要采取行動推動經濟發(fā)展。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。要求能夠正確辨析幾個意思容易混淆的單詞。
【詳細解答】 brook“ \[用于否定結構\]忍耐， 容忍， 忍受”；blush “臉紅， 羞愧， 呈現紅色， 使成紅色”；boost“推進； 升，加強， 增加；促進； 提高； 支援”；brood“沉思；郁悶地想”。根據詞意，此處應選C。
48.【答案】A。
【譯文】這一礦井發(fā)生的爆炸是由一個粗心的礦工點燃了火柴引起的。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。
【詳細解答】trigger“引發(fā)， 引起， 觸發(fā)”；claim“(根據權利)要求， 認領， 聲稱， 主張， 斷言”；hamper“妨礙， 牽制”；protest“主張，斷言抗議， 拒付”。從詞意上講，答案A最合題意，故應選A。
49.【答案】A。
【譯文】值得注意的是，大眾新聞報紙和以前的報紙相比，更多地依賴于廣告收入。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這組詞在形式和詞義上容易混淆，但都比較常見。
【詳細解答】revenue“國家的收入，稅收，(土地、財產等的)收入，收益；\[pl. \]總收入； 收入項目， 財源”；income“ (定期)收入，所得(報酬)，收益”；avenue“林蔭道，大街， 方法， 途徑， 路”；outcome“結果， 成果”。從詞意和用法上看，此題正確答案應為A。
50.【答案】B。
【譯文】有些礦物十分普通常見，有些礦物的分布具有區(qū)域性，還有些礦物在地球上十分罕見。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這組動詞的形式和詞義區(qū)別不大，在用法上極容易混淆，尤其是distribute和scatter。
【詳細解答】 attribute“（與to連用） 歸因于，被認為是…寫的”；distribute“散布， 分布，分配”； contribute“捐助，捐獻， 貢獻，投稿”；scatter“散布，散播，使分散”。根據詞意應選B。
51.【答案】C。
【譯文】在外語劇目演出過程中解決語言問題的最成功的方式是同步翻譯。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這組詞全部為形容詞，且都以-neous結尾。
【詳細解答】instantaneous“瞬間的， 即刻的， 即時的”；spontaneous “自發(fā)的，自然產生的”；simultaneous“同時的，同時發(fā)生的”；homogeneous“同類的，相似的，均勻的”。根據句子意思選答案C。
52.【答案】D。
【譯文】女房東在協議中明確規(guī)定，房租必須在每個月初以現金方式支付。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。
【詳細解答】assume“假定， 設想， 采取，呈現”；submit“(使)服從， (使)順從，提交，遞交”；expose“使暴露， 受到，使曝光，揭露”；specify“規(guī)定，指定，確定；詳細說明，具體說明”。按句意，此題答案應為D。
53.【答案】A。
【譯文】今年的事故發(fā)生率超過了去年。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這組動詞均以over-開頭，表示“超過”。
【詳細解答】overtake “趕上，追上”；overweigh “使…負擔過重，比…重，比…重要，勝過，給…加負擔，壓迫，壓倒”；overcome“戰(zhàn)勝， 克服，勝過， 征服”；overshadow“遮蔽， 使…失色”。按詞意選A。
54.【答案】B。
【譯文】你必須堅持自己的權利，否則他們會繼續(xù)欺負你，你也會繼續(xù)生活在恥辱之中。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這組均為動詞，在詞義上比較相近。
【詳細解答】 assess“估定，評定”；assert“斷言，聲稱”；；maintain“維持， 維修，繼續(xù)，供養(yǎng)，主張”；promote“促進，發(fā)揚，提升，提拔，晉升為”。assert oneself為固定搭配，意思是“堅持自己的權利；表現自己的權威”。符合題意，故選B。
55.【答案】B。
【譯文】這兩項計劃都很高明，然而在中國這種特殊情況下只有一項（計劃）似乎是可行的。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這組均為形容詞，且均以-able結尾。
【詳細解答】 available“可用到的，可利用的，有用的”；feasible“可行的，切實可行的，行得通的”；resolvable“可溶解的，可解決的，可解答的”；presumable“可假定的，可能的，可推測的”。按句意，答案應為B。
56.【答案】C。
【譯文】像教育專家一致認同的那樣，一個好的老師應該知道怎樣把他的思想傳達給他的學生。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組在詞義上相近的動詞，表達的含義存在細微的區(qū)別。
【詳細解答】transmit”傳輸，轉送，傳達，傳導，發(fā)射，傳播”； transfer“轉移， 調轉， 調任， 傳遞， 轉讓， 改變”； convey“ 傳達，表達，轉達”；communicate“溝通，通信，(房間、道路、花園等)相通，傳達，感染”。按句意可知，答案應為C。
57.【答案】D。
【譯文】如果你繼續(xù)超負荷地工作，你的身體健康狀況將會惡化。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組以de-開頭的動詞，詞義也相近。
【詳細解答】decline“下傾，下降，下垂”；degrade“(使)降級，(使)墮落， (使)退化”；degenerate“退化，衰退、墮落”；deteriorate“ (使)惡化，損害或降低（質量，性質或價值）”。此處意指“健康狀況惡化”，應為deteriorate。
58.【答案】C。
【譯文】主任極力想把這些問題當作無關緊要的事情擱在一邊，留待以后處理。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。
【詳細解答】preliminary“預備的，初步的”；primary“ 主要的，初步的，初級的”；trivial“瑣細的，價值不高的，微不足道的”；alternative“選擇性的，二中擇一的”。按照題目意思，此處應選“trivial”，答案為C。
59.【答案】D。
【譯文】作為這所大學最年輕的教授之一，金小姐的事業(yè)正值輝煌時期。
【試題分析】詞語辨析題。主要考查“end”、“edge”、“threshold”和“course”這幾個表示位置的單詞的意思及搭配。
【詳細解答】end“末端，盡頭，結束，限度”，顯然與題意不符；on the edge of“在邊緣上；快要， 眼看”，也與題意不符；threshold“開始，開端，極限”， on the threshold of“在…的開頭，在…快要開始的時候，在…的前夕”，同樣與題意不符；on the course of “在……的過程中”。故只可選D。
60.【答案】C。
【譯文】在1943年的那場饑荒中，數百萬的農民因為在農村無法生存而涌入城市。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組表示“移居”的動詞，容易混淆。
【詳細解答】immigrate“使移居入境，移來，從外國移來\[移居\]， 遷移”；emigrate“遷居(外國)，\[口\]遷移”；emigrate和 immigrate僅用來指人，意味著永久性的遷移，一般指越過政治意義上的疆界。migrate“移動， 移往， 使移居”；generate“產生， 發(fā)生”。根據句子意思此處應選C，即“migrate”。
61.【答案】B。
【譯文】我很遺憾地通知你，你的申請已被拒絕，我們經理認為你不適合這一職位。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。
【詳細解答】legible“清晰的，易讀的”；eligible“符合條件的，合格的”；valid“有根據的，正當的，正確的”；literate“有文化的，有閱讀和寫作能力的”。據句子意思，此處應填B。
62.【答案】D。
【譯文】去英國的游客有時候會驚奇地獲悉那里的報紙會有如此大的發(fā)行量。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組均可以表示報紙發(fā)行的名詞，在詞義上極容易混淆。
【詳細解答】issue“出版，發(fā)行，(報刊等)期、號”；distribution“銷售，發(fā)送，發(fā)行”；coverage“覆蓋，新聞報道； 新聞報道的份量”；在這里，circulation可指“（書報雜志的）銷售量，發(fā)行額，銷路”。故選D。
63.【答案】B。
【譯文】在這條線路上運行的向東和向西的火車數量是相等的，它們有規(guī)律地在這條線路上交替運行。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。主要辨析近義動詞之間的細微區(qū)別。
【詳細解答】alter“修改，改動，改變，改建”；alternate“交替，輪流， 改變，依次”；switch“轉換， 轉變”；exchange“交換，調換，兌換， 交流， 交易”。在這里，應是“輪流、依次”之意，故可選B。
64【答案】A。
【譯文】這三個宇航員栽落在太平洋上，離派遣去執(zhí)行回收任務的航空母艦僅有六英里。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組以d-開頭的動詞，在詞義上容易混淆。
【詳細解答】dispatch“分派，派遣，發(fā)送”；deposit“放置，安置”；deploy“展開， 配置”；deliver“遞送， 陳述， 釋放”。根據題意，此處dispatch最為合適。
65.【答案】B。
【譯文】許多酒館有一些稀奇古怪的名字，像“紅獅”或“豬和口哨”；他們還經常在店外的布告牌上掛上圖片來對店名進行圖解。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組動詞，應著重區(qū)分其詞義。
【詳細解答】justify“證明…是正當的”；illustrate“舉例說明，圖解， 加插圖于，闡明”；modify“更改， 修改”；clarify“澄清，闡明”。
66.【答案】B。
【譯文】使第五代計算機成為現實，還需有兩個主要的必備條件；這就是科學家們正在解決的問題。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。此題主要考查考生對幾個考綱動詞的掌握情況，要求考生能熟知詞意，并能做出正確的判斷和選擇。
【詳細解答】anticipate“預期，期望，預訂，預見，可以預料”；tackle“解決，處理（問題）”；manipulate“(熟練地)操作， 使用(機器等)，操縱(人或市價、市場)，利用，應付，假造”；speculate“推測，思索，做投機買賣”。依題意此處應是“處理”和“解決問題”之意，排除A、C、D項，則只有B項最合適。
67.【答案】D。
【譯文】這座城市的大學生已經建立起一個“空氣清潔社團”，來幫助市民提高對于我們所處（大氣）環(huán)境的威脅的認識。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。四個選項可以分為兩組，每組中兩個詞在詞義上非常接近，區(qū)別甚微。
【詳細解答】conditions“存在的環(huán)境”；situation“形勢，局勢，局面，情況，境遇，處境”；danger“危險，危險物，威脅”；threat“ 兇兆，威脅”。此處，根據句子意思，應是“意識到對環(huán)境的威脅”之意，只能在C、D之間做出判斷；danger一般指事物本身的危險，而沒有威脅的意思，再考慮到后面的介詞to，按照搭配習慣，答案應是D。
68.【答案】A。
【譯文】如果你輕微灼傷，倒點冷水在傷口上，這將有助于緩解燒灼之痛。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組以re-開頭的動詞，在詞義上非常相近。
【詳細解答】relieve“減輕，解除，緩解”；relax“使松弛，緩和，使松懈，使休息”；reveal“展現，顯示，揭示，暴露”；release“釋放，解放，放棄，讓與，免除”。根據句子意思，此處應選A，表示“緩解、解除、減輕”之意。
69.【答案】B。
譯文 ：這個圖書館將最近公眾可以借閱的書籍匯編成一本名集出版了。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。這是一組均以acc-開頭的形容詞。
【詳細解答】acceptable“可接受的，合意的”；accessible“易接近的，可到達的，可拿到的”；accommodable “可適合的，可適應的”；accountable“應負責的，有責任的，可解釋的”。此處考的是詞組accessible to 的用法，“可以獲得的，可得到的”。
70.【答案】C。
【譯文】在她丈夫去世的14年里，她視其生活的唯一意義為養(yǎng)育她的兒子和保護她丈夫的作品。
【試題分析】單詞辨析題。
【詳細解答】due“應得的，應付的，正當的，預期的”；lone“孤獨的，獨立的”；sole“單獨的，唯一的”；keen“鋒利的，敏銳的，敏捷的，熱心的，渴望的”。根據句意此處應填“唯一的”意思，其它單詞之意與題意不符，故只能選C。
Part Ⅳ
71.redistributing改為redistribute。attempt to 后面一般接動詞原型，而不接動名詞，因為這里的to是不定式符號，而不是介詞，即attempt to do sth.。
72.you 改為others。此句是說，如果一部分相對比較窮，那么一部分人就會相對比較富。將人群分為兩部分，此處就不能用you，others才可以表示人群的一部分。
73.在interests和than中間加上rather。此句不是表示比較（than），而是表示轉折（公眾政策反映他們的利益，而不是窮人的利益），所以應該用rather than （而不是）代替than。
74.doing改為done。此句是被動語態(tài)，表示“臟活被完成”，get 是系動詞，所以應用do的過去分詞形式done。
75.will改為would。此句使用了虛擬語氣，表示對現在情況的假設，所以主句應用would。
76.cookers改為cooks。廚師是cook，而不cooker。cooker指炊具，與后面的“gardener（園�。゛nd other workers”不一致，所以應改為廚師（cook）。
77.when改為while。此處不是表示時間上的同時性，而是表示兩種情形的對比，“一些人在做……，而另一些人在做……”。表示對比的連詞一般用while。
78.去掉more。inferior本身就表示“低級的”，已經構成了比較形式，所以前面一般不能再加more。
79.competent 改為incompetent。此句講的是窮人所能享受的服務，過期的面包、報廢的汽車，還有不合格的醫(yī)生和律師所提供的建議。如果是competent，則成了合格的醫(yī)生和律師所提供的建議，那么與整句意思不符。
80.去掉in。此句中的which引導非限定性定語從句，作influence和change的直接賓語，因為influence和change均為及物動詞，所以不能加in。
Part Ⅴ
寫作指導：
這是一篇限制性提綱作文。由于已經給出了寫作主題和段落模式，所以必須緊扣標題，嚴格遵守提綱，達到規(guī)定字數。構思時結構一定要清晰，建議使用四段式，第一段綜述，第二、三段分述，第四段做總結，二、三段是重點。可將提綱中的兩點作為第二段和第三段的主題句，但不要逐字翻譯，然后再找2～3個與主題相關的素材展開說明。另外還需注意：①寫好第一句話。這樣容易給閱卷者留下一個好印象，最好能用上一個漂亮的復合句，里面再用上2～3個難的單詞或詞組，但不能出錯。②在寫作時盡量多用長句，少用短句，適當加入幾個結構較復雜的句子。可多用連接性的詞組或單詞，如first， second， moreover， for one thing...for another， on the one hand...on the other hand等等。可以把它們置于段首或文中比較顯著的位置，這樣會使文章更具條理性。③注意結尾的時候要點題，把自己的觀點明確說出來。文章不要寫得太長，這樣容易引起閱卷者的反感，達到字數就可以了。④如有可能，適當加上一兩句名言或是諺語，以顯示你的水平。最后要注意沒有語法錯誤，并保持卷面干凈整潔。
本文可以這樣寫：首先第一段介紹在生活和工作節(jié)奏不斷加快的今天，人們會碰到各種各樣的個人危機，如：工作事業(yè)上的，婚戀家庭上的，人際關系上的等等；第二段則按照提綱中的第一點重點分析造成個人危機的起因，主要有自身處理事物能力不足，外部環(huán)境較為不利，以及運氣不佳等等；第三段則根據提綱中第二點提出應對個人危機的方法，要根據第二段中的起因來提應對方法，可以寫需要個人有堅強的意志毅力和不懈的努力奮斗，積極改善外部環(huán)境，善于抓住機遇；第四段可以適應發(fā)揮，進一步闡明自己的觀點，并提出希望。
當然，也可以按照提綱就寫兩段，只要說清問題即可。
參考范文：
How to Deal with Personal Crisis
Since different person may come across different crisis， it is difficult to answer why personal crisis will happen and what leads to the situation. It depends. But the main origins and causes can be concluded in the following three aspects： lack of strong mind and personal incompetence to overcome difficulty， disadvantageous surroundings， and bad luck. Only when one person does well in all these three aspects， can he or she avoid personal crisis.
But anyway， All is not lost that is in danger. Every cloud has a silver lining. One will surely come out from the crisis if he masters the right methods. At first， he should envisage the crisis with the right eye. And then， he should be strongly-minded and be perseverant all the time. Thirdly， he should try his best to improve relation with his boss， colleagues， partners， friends， and his family members in order to get a better surrounding. At last， he should try to grasp every chance to make progress. In this way， the crisis can be transferred to success.
本套試卷測試語言重點
10個重點單詞：
simultaneous: 同時發(fā)生的〓 deteriorate:（使）惡化
migrate: （使）移居，移往 eligible: 符合條件的，合格的
alternate: 交替，輪流，改變 cook: 廚師
self-conscious: 有自知之明的
minimum:最低限度的，最小量
distribute: 分發(fā)，分配，分布
competent: 能夠勝任的，有能力的
4個重點詞組：
start out: 出發(fā)，動身，起家
settle in: 安頓，遷入
coincide with: 與……一致，與……同時發(fā)生
on the course of: 在……的過程中
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