2011年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)答案解析完整版(長(zhǎng)沙新東方)

第 1 頁(yè)：作文

第 2 頁(yè)：快速閱讀

第 3 頁(yè)：聽(tīng)力

第 4 頁(yè)：仔細(xì)閱讀

第 5 頁(yè)：完型

第 6 頁(yè)：翻譯

　　選詞填空

　　With the world’s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure and jobs. Underlying all this (47) will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.

　　Finding the resources to meet this demand in a (48), sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major (49) of the 21^st century. Alternative forms of energy – bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few – are (50) being funded and developed, and will play a growing (51) in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that even when ()52, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s needs by 2050.

　　For example, even with (53) investments, such as $93 million for wind energy development (54) in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels (55) only about 1% of the market today.

　　Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of (56) – both traditional and alternative.

首先將15個(gè)備選詞標(biāo)上詞性：

A. stable (a.)                   I. exactly (ad.)

B. solutions (n.)              J. consist (v.)

C. significant (a.)           K. comprise (v.)

D. role (n.)                     L. competitions (n.)

E. progress (n.)              M. combined (v.)

F. marvelous (a.)           N. challenges (n.)

G. included (v.)             O. certainly (a.)

H. growth (n.)

 

47、根據(jù)this確定此空必然填一單數(shù)名詞，15詞中D/E/H備選，E/H相似，其中必有一個(gè)答案，前文所說(shuō)人口、能源消耗等，均只能用“增長(zhǎng)”來(lái)指代，而不能說(shuō)是進(jìn)步；故選擇H.growth，根據(jù)相似原則，E和H可以一起劃去。

48、本空與后面的sustainable并列，于是需要填一個(gè)形容詞，與“可持續(xù)”的意象相近的選項(xiàng)為A.stable（穩(wěn)定的）。

49、本空前面為形容詞major, 于是這里需要填入名詞，之前還有one of，于是填入復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在N與B中選。本句主語(yǔ)是“找尋”某資源，所以這被概括為一種挑戰(zhàn)更為恰當(dāng)，因此選擇N.challenges。

50、本空所在句不缺任何成分，并且其還出現(xiàn)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之間，所以必然填入副詞，I和O中O.certainly更為符合。

51、空前a growing表明此處填名詞，再往前看有個(gè)動(dòng)詞play，因此填入D.role構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ)play a role

52、所在半句中除了when只有一個(gè)空，所以這空必然是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，選擇M.combined，表示“即使當(dāng)所有資源結(jié)合被使用時(shí)，這些替代資源也只能解決人類(lèi)在2050年對(duì)能源需求的30%�！�

53、空后Investments為名詞，此處填入形容詞，剩下形容詞中只有C.significant可表示可觀的、大量的，形容投資非常多。F項(xiàng)與其含義接近，根據(jù)相似原則，也可以一并劃除。

54、本空出現(xiàn)在名詞development之后，整句在such as所引導(dǎo)的例子里，本應(yīng)為一整個(gè)名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)，而其后又有專(zhuān)有名詞ARRA，于是此處應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作development的后置定語(yǔ)，剩下詞中只有G.included這一個(gè)。

55、空后有明顯語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志1%，因此這里應(yīng)該選擇表示組成、構(gòu)成、占有的K.comprise, 根據(jù)相似原則，J也可以排除。

56、此處在a lot of之后，因此填入復(fù)數(shù)名詞，整句意為“能源與可持續(xù)專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，日后能源需求的解決可能將來(lái)自于許多傳統(tǒng)和替代的_______�！边�剩下“解決方式”和“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)；B.solutions更符合語(yǔ)義。

　　仔細(xì)閱讀

　　Passage One

　　來(lái)自英國(guó)衛(wèi)報(bào)(The Guardian): single-sex schools help boys to enjoy arts, says study

　　57.Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.

　　Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereo*type, the US study says.

　　57.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

　　The report, presented at a conference of the International Boys' Schools Coalition in London attended by the heads of private and state schools, goes against 58.received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

　　The headmaster of Eton, Tony Little, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because 59.it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls, despite the fact that girls "turn on the waterworks".

　　The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their female counterparts do better earlier in verbal skills and reading, because the left side of the brain develops faster in girls. They also felt they had to be "cool" rather than studious.

　　 60.But in single sex schools teachers are able to tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, education expert Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

　　Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Boys in boys' schools "loved" to pen verse because they enjoyed the "inherent structure in poems", James said. Because, the researchers say, boys generally have better spatial skills, more acute vision, learn best through touch, are more impulsive and more physically active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around, with this natural impulse not seen as disruptive. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.

　　61.Single sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In the present sexualised atmosphere prevalent in mixed schools, boys feel coerced into acting like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the report said.

解析：

　　57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____.

　　A. force boys to hide their emotions to be “real men”

　　B. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

　　C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

　　D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

　　選擇 encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
　　題目問(wèn)男生學(xué)校可以怎樣，原文前三段基本都在敘述男校對(duì)男生藝術(shù)情操方面的發(fā)展有著更好的促進(jìn)作用。  

　　58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____.

　　A. perform relatively better

　　B. grow up more healthily

　　C. behave more responsibly

　　D. receive a better education

　　選擇 perform relatively better
　　本題較難，題干問(wèn)通常大家都認(rèn)為在男女同校的學(xué)校中男生都怎樣。
　　原文四段末句中received wisdom表示常識(shí)或者被多數(shù)人所接受的觀點(diǎn)，于是后面的部分是本題的出題點(diǎn)。

　　59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

　　A. It fails more boys than girls academically.

　　B. It focuses more on mixed school education.

　　C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.

　　D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

　　選擇 it fails to give boys the attention they need
　　原文紅字處說(shuō)這些體制都更關(guān)心女生，取反之后意為這些體制都沒(méi)那么關(guān)心男生，于是與此選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _____.

　　A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

　　B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

　　C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

　　D. teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

　　選擇 teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
　　原文紅字說(shuō)在男校里，老師可以"根據(jù)男生的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格量身定制(tailor)課程"  

　　61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report?

　　A. They enjoy being in charge.

　　B. They conform to stereotypes.

　　C. They have sharper vision.

　　D. They are violent and sexist.

　　選擇 they conform to stereotype
　　文章最后兩段都是在總結(jié)人們對(duì)男生的一般印象以及男校如何避免一些問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)，James的實(shí)驗(yàn)提及許多男生都正遵循著老套的路線(xiàn)發(fā)展，即本選項(xiàng)的同義改寫(xiě)；其余選項(xiàng)均是例舉中的具體內(nèi)容，包含于此答案。

 

Passage Two

　　來(lái)自英國(guó)衛(wèi)報(bào)（The Guradian）: Are money problems driving you apart?

It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year – we just won't go.

 　　Since money is reputed to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people in May this year found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession – financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent report shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples – even more so to their children. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.

 Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for," he explains. "They will say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something.

 "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

 

　　62. What does the author say about vacationing?

　　A. People enjoy it all the more during a recession.

　　B. Few people can afford it without working hard.

　　C. It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

　　D. It is the chief cause of family disputes.

　　選擇 It makes all the hard work worthwhile.
　　對(duì)應(yīng)原文首段中作者評(píng)論句:"I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday."  

　　63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known…to bring a relationship to its knees”?

　　A. Money is considered to be the root of all evils.

　　B. Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

　　C. Few people can resist the temptation of money.

　　D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

　　選擇 Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.
　　對(duì)應(yīng)原文的句子字面意思為"金錢(qián)是最有可能讓一段關(guān)系下跪的東西之一"，全段又在說(shuō)關(guān)于金錢(qián)的討論對(duì)兩人間關(guān)系的影響，可見(jiàn)應(yīng)該選擇此答案。

　　64. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession _____.

　　A. conflicts between couples tend to rise

　　B. it is more expensive for couples to split up

　　C. couples show more concern for each other

　　D. divorce and separation rates increase

　　選擇 Conflicts between couples tend to rise.
　　對(duì)應(yīng)原文二段中實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:"...found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners..."  

　　65. What dose Kim Stephenson believe?

　　A. Money is often a symbol of a person’s status.

　　B. Money means a great deal to both men and women.

　　C. Men and women spend money on different things.

　　D. Men and women view money in different ways.

　　選擇 Men andwomen view money in different ways.
　　對(duì)應(yīng)四段首句:'KS, ..., believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which make be different things to men and women."

　　66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should _____.

　　A. put their money together instead of keeping it separately

　　B. make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

　　C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

　　D. avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

　　選擇 discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship
　　對(duì)應(yīng)原文最后一句:'In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."