中考英語語法：主謂一致講解及專練

　　【考點(diǎn)聚焦】主謂一致是初中階段的重要語法項(xiàng)目之一，從近年來中考的試題來看，對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要集中在以下內(nèi)容：

　　1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　2、由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　但并列主語如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　The poet and writer has come.

　　3、由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, no修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

　　4、主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with along with，like 等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語時(shí) ，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致。例如：

　　The women with two children is my aunt .

　　注意：主語和謂語之間插入了分詞短語，謂語要與主語保持一致。

　　Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived.

　　5、一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　6、集體名詞family, class, team, group 等看作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；看作每一個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　7、 當(dāng)表示國(guó)家，城市，人名，書名，報(bào)紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時(shí)，作為整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　The New York Times is reading all over the United States .

　　8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

　　9、“the +形容詞”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)

　　10、由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。

　　11、有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　注意：如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.

　　My new pair of socks is on the bed.

　　12、表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。

　　13、不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　All of the work has been finished.

　　All of the people have gone.

　　14、疑問代詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　Who is your brother?

　　Who are League members?

　　15、分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of +名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。 但要注意population 一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Part of the work has been done by us .

　　Ten percent of the apples were bad .

　　The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .

　　16、half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時(shí)，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　17、由what 引出的從句作主語時(shí)，通常謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　18、由連詞not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致。

　　19、There be句型、以here開頭的句子謂語動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語一致。

　　20、a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其謂語用單數(shù)。

　　21、“one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　22、 many a ＋單數(shù)名詞 (許多……) ； more than one ＋單數(shù)名詞(不止一……)作主語，盡管意思是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)詞還是用單數(shù)。注意： “more than +基數(shù)詞＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)或“more ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋ than one做主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

　　More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.

　　More members than one are against your plan.

　　23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書)，作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(這類人，口語中用)，但this kind of men的謂語用單數(shù)，men of this kind=these kind of men的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　This kind of men is dangerous.

　　Men of this kind are dangerous.

　　24、在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who , that , which , 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。

　　注意：在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如沒有the only， 就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.

　　He was the only one of the students who was late for school.

　　【技巧點(diǎn)撥】中考主謂一致方面的考題主要考知識(shí)的記憶情況�？疾橹髦^一致的常見題型有單項(xiàng)選擇，完型填空，翻譯句子，單句改錯(cuò)，短文改錯(cuò)、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，時(shí)態(tài)填空等。做這類題時(shí)，必須找出句子的真正主語，然后根據(jù)記憶的知識(shí)作出判斷。同時(shí)，要遵循三個(gè)原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近原則。

　　【考例剖析】

　　例 1：Each of the students______ a dictionary.(2004資陽)

　　A. have B. is C. are D. has

　　剖析：此題意思是“每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本字典”，所以先排除B、C 。句中of students作each的定語，真正的主語是each，故又排除A 。

　　答案：D

　　例 2： How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)

　　A. have B. has C. is D. are

　　剖析：Ten years通常被看作是一個(gè)時(shí)間整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　答案：B

　　例 3： Not only his parents but also his brother ________to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back. (2004南通)

　　A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone

　　剖析：由not only…but also連接兩個(gè)并列主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則同相鄰的主語保持一致，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因?yàn)樗麄冞�都沒有回來，所以用has gone而不用has been。

　　答案：D

　　例 4：Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.(2004包頭)

　　A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers

　　C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers

　　剖析：句子的主語a number of deer。當(dāng)a number of + 名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。因此首先排除C、D，而deer單復(fù)數(shù)相同，所以B也不正確。

　　答案：A

　　例 5：The Smiths ______ sending e-mails _______ letters.because it is faster.(2005云南)

　　A.prefer, to writing B.prefer，to write

　　C.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write

　　剖析：姓氏名詞用復(fù)數(shù)且前面加上定冠詞時(shí)，表示一家人或一對(duì)夫婦。作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。再如：The zhous live upstairs.(姓周的那家住在樓上)。此題答案應(yīng)在A、B中選，而短語prefer… to…中的to是一個(gè)介詞，故又排除B。

　　答案：A

　　例 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim ______there when the meeting began.(2005黑龍江)

　　A. was B. is C. are D. were

　　剖析：根據(jù)主、從復(fù)合句時(shí)態(tài)一般要一致的原則，本題首先可排除B、C，而主句主語含有except等時(shí)，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于except前邊的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以D答案也不正確。

　　答案：A

　　例 7：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.(2005重慶)

　　A.were B.is C.are D. was

　　剖析：根據(jù)就近原則，應(yīng)排除A、C，而題中單詞now表明現(xiàn)在，所以D也不正確。

　　答案：B

　　例 8：Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything ______.(2005江西)

　　A. are changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed

　　剖析：根據(jù)“不定代詞作主語，謂語往往用單數(shù)”這一點(diǎn)，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change屬于不可數(shù)名詞，它沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以B也不正確。由since引出的一個(gè)含具體過去時(shí)間的句子，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　答案：C

　　【實(shí)地演練】

　　I. 改錯(cuò)：

　　1. Both paper and ink is used up.

　　2. Eating too much are bad for your health.

　　3.This pair of shoes are my brother‘s.

　　4. Each of the boys have a dictionary.

　　5 Every one of the students in Class Two have two books .

　　6.I think maths are very difficult to learn.

　　7. A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.

　　8.The mother with two children often go to the town.

　　II. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　9. _____ (be) everything OK?

　　10. Nobody _______ (know) the answer to the question.

　　11. Ten divided by two _______ (be) five.

　　12. Most of the drinking water ______ (be) from the Black River.

　　13. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.

　　14. Either you or she _____ (have) made a wrong decision.

　　15. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together.

　　16. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.

　　17. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief.

　　18. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.

　�、�. 選擇填空。

　　( )19.There _____ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy.

　　A. is B. aren’t C. isn’tD. are

　　( )20. -These bananas look different and they are sweet.

　　-Right. They ______ here from Taiwan yesterday.

　　A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought

　　( ) 21. The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.

　　A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five

　　( ) 22. Look, here come some _______.

　　A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow

　　( ) 23. The injured in the tsunami _____ good care of by some medical teams.

　　A. is taken B. are being taken

　　C. are taking D. is being taken

　　( ) 24. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _____ us excited.

　　A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made

　　( ) 25. On the closet _____ a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday.

　　A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid

　　( ) 26. Each man and each woman _____ asked to help when the fire broke out.

　　A. is B. was C. are D. were

　　( ) 27. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south; the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.

　　A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are

　　( ) 28. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.

　　A. is B. was C. are D. were

　　( ) 29. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays?

　　-I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.

　　A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also

　　( ) 30.______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.

　　A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B

　　( ) 31.The paper for books and new papers ______ made of wood.

　　A. are B. is C. has D. have

　　( ) 32. Not only my brother but also I______ good at painting. Both of us ______good painters.

　　A. are...are B. am...are�� C. is...is D. are...is

　　( ) 33. _______ of them has his own opinion.

　　A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each

　　( ) 34. Are there any _______ on the farm?

　　A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep

　　( )35. One-third of the area _____ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _____ been planted.

　　A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has

　　( ) 36. The number of teachers in our college _____ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _____ from the countryside.

　　A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is

　　( ) 37. What _____ the population of China? One-third of the population _____ workers here.

　　A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is

　　( ) 38. Not only he but also we _____ right. He as well as we _____ right.

　　A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are

　　( )39. What he’d like _____ a digital watch. What he’d like _____ textbooks.

　　A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is

　　( )40. My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.

　　A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are

　　( ) 41.Two months _______ quite a long time.

　　Yes. I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.

　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　( ) 42.He is one of the boys who _____ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _____ here on time.

　　A. has come; have come B. have come; has come

　　C. has come; has come D. have come; have come

　　( )43. Either you or he _____ interested in playing chess. _____ you or he fond of music at present?

　　A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is

　　( )44. Many a professor _____ looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _____ studied animals and plants in the last two years.

　　A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are

　　( )45. A knife and a fork _____ on the table. A knife and fork _____ on the table.

　　A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are

　　( )46. Her family _____ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _____ dancing and singing when I came in last night.

　　A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were

　　( )47.The box of rubbers ____ white.

　　A.is B.are C.be D.were

　　( )48.____ he or you to come home?

　　A.Is B.Are C.Will D.Can

　　( )49.The writer and teacher ____ coming now.

　　A.is B.are C.has D.have

　　( )50.The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him.

　　A. both B. none C. neither D. all

　　( )51.Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time.

　　A. be B. is C. are D. were

　　( )52.How and why Jack came to China _____ not known. When and where to build the new library _____ not been decided.

　　A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have

　　( )53.Now Tom together with his classmates _____ football on the playground.

　　A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing

　　( )54.Two hundred and fifty pounds _____ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.

　　A. is B. are C. were D. be

　　( )55.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.

　　A. are B. is C. were D. was

　　( )56.Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child _____ about it.

　　A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks

　　( )57.We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand _____ weak points.

　　A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has

　　( )58.Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.

　　A. is B. was C. are D. were

　　( )59.Most of the houses _______ this year.

　　A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built

　　( )60.My friend and classmate Paul _____ motorcycles in his spare time.

　　A. race B. races C. is raced D. is racing

　　( )61.There _____ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.

　　A. are B. is C. has D. have

　　( )62.The factory, including its machines and buildings, _____ burnt last night.

　　A. is B. are C. were D. was

　　( )63.Climbing hills _____ of great help to health.

　　A. is B. are C. were D. be

　　( )64.There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.

　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　�、�. 根據(jù)中文，完成英語句子。

　　65.我們兩個(gè)人都沒有看這部電影。

　　______ of us______ seen the film.

　　66.我的茶杯里沒有水了。

　　______ is ______ water in my cup.

　　67.不是他就是我要到哪兒去。

　　______ he ______ I is going there.

　　68.學(xué)生們和老師都不知道這件事。

　　______ the students nor the teacher ______this matter.

　　69.我們家正在一起度周末。

　　______ family ______ spending the weekend together.

　　參考答案

　　I. 1.is改為 are 2.are改為 is 3.are改為 is 4.have改為 has

　　5. have 改為 has 6.are改為 is 7.has 改為have 8.go 改為goes

　　II. 9. Is 10.knows 11.is 12.is 13.do

　　14.has 15.are 16.is 17.are 18.was; were

　�、�. 19-23 BBBCB 24-28 CBBDB 29-33BDBBD 34-38 DCBAB

　　39-43 CDABB 44-48 ACBAA 49-53 ACBAD

　　54-58 AABDB 59-64 DBBDAA

　　Ⅳ. 65. Neither, has 66. There, no 67. Either, or

　　68. Neither, knows 69. Our, are