本課語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

　　1. Learning a language is easy.

　　這是一個(gè) 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) (SVP)句型。句中l(wèi)earning a language為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在句子中做主語(yǔ)。再如：

　　Forgetting the past means betrayal.(忘記過(guò)去就意味著背叛。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 閱讀英語(yǔ)比講英語(yǔ)容易。 (Reading English is easier than speaking it.)

　　2) 集郵是我弟弟的愛(ài)好。(Collecting stamps is my little brother''s hobby.)

　　2. Even a child can do it.

　　even在句中作副詞用，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“甚至(…也)，連(…都)”。如：He even didn''t trust his best friend.(他甚至不信任他最好的朋友。)

　　請(qǐng)注意even與 even if / though的區(qū)別并翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 這個(gè)我連聽(tīng)都沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)。(I haven''t even heard of it.)

　　2) 即使花了數(shù)天時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)，他也沒(méi)能考好。(He didn''t do well in the exam even though he spent days reviewing.)

　　3. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.

　　句中who are learning a second language為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞most adults，再如：

　　The man who wrote this book is a teacher.(寫(xiě)這本書(shū)的人是一位教師。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 穿藍(lán)色夾克的那個(gè)男孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。

　　(The boy who is in a blue jacket is our monitor.)

　　2) 你昨天借給我的那本書(shū)很有趣。

　　(The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.)

　　句中的would是助動(dòng)詞，表示“可能”，“(將)會(huì)”。例如：

　　A picnic without you wouldn''t be fun.(野餐沒(méi)你參加會(huì)很沒(méi)意思。)

　　助動(dòng)詞would的用法很多，概括起來(lái)主要有如下幾種：

　　1) 表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：I felt confident that everything would be all right.

　　2) 表示意愿：I asked him not to do it， but he wouldn''t listen to me.

　　3) 表示習(xí)慣性：Every evening， we would go for a walk along the river.

　　4) 表示虛擬，假設(shè)，條件：If you had come earlier， you would have seen him.

　　5) 表示婉轉(zhuǎn)地請(qǐng)求或建議：Would you look after my cat while I am away?

　　4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.

　　注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，閱讀課本第六頁(yè)注解2.

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的詞組：

　　1) 十個(gè)學(xué)生 ten students

　　數(shù)十個(gè)學(xué)生 tens of students

　　2) 五百年 five hundred years

　　數(shù)百年 hundreds of years

　　3) 兩千年 two thousand years

　　數(shù)千年 thousands of years

　　4) 三百萬(wàn)美元 three million dollars

　　數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元 millions of dollars

　　5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.

　　句中be different from 意為“與…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.(我的觀點(diǎn)與你的觀點(diǎn)不同。)

　　請(qǐng)注意下面三個(gè)句子中所用的詞組：

　　Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.

　　Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.

　　The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language.

　　從上面的句子中可以看出differ是動(dòng)詞，different 是形容詞，difference是名詞。

　　6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning.

　　… find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

　　句中的it是形式賓語(yǔ)(formal object)，真正的賓語(yǔ)(real object)是不定式to succeed in language learning，此類用法在英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn)，請(qǐng)注意掌握。如：At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.(開(kāi)始我感到記住這些單詞很難。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 外面的噪音使我無(wú)法繼續(xù)工作。

　　(The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.)

　　2) 他們覺(jué)得再爭(zhēng)論下去是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

　　(They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.)

　　3) 她認(rèn)為把真相告訴小王是對(duì)的。

　　(She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.)

　　7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners.

　　本句中注意掌握動(dòng)詞offer的用法，請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

　　1) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. (我坐下后他給我端來(lái)一杯茶。)

　　2) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers? (對(duì)這些新教師你有什么建議要提嗎?)

　　3) This shop offers all kinds of stationery.(這家商店供應(yīng)各種文具。)

　　4) The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike.

　　(那個(gè)老人向我出價(jià)100元買(mǎi)這輛舊自行車。)

　　5) She offered to help me with my English.(她表示愿意幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。)

　　句中的advice為不可數(shù)名詞，其后不加s，正如課本第六頁(yè)注解3所說(shuō)，有許多東西在漢語(yǔ)中是可數(shù)的，在英語(yǔ)中卻是不可數(shù)的。如news， information， paper 等，若要表示“一個(gè)”這類概念，就必須加a piece of這類定語(yǔ)，例如：

　　a piece of news

　　a piece of advice

　　a sum of money

　　a piece of bread

　　8. Read as much as you can.

　　句中的much 是副詞，用副詞作同等比較時(shí)，可以用as … as和so … as 這種結(jié)構(gòu)，如：

　　1) Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.(盡量多閱讀，你的詞匯量就會(huì)擴(kuò)大。)

　　2) We must arrange everything as well as we can.(我們要把一切盡可能地安排好。)

　　3) Please give me a call as soon as possible.(請(qǐng)盡早給我打電話。)

　　4) I don''t speak English so well as you.(我英語(yǔ)講得沒(méi)你好。)

　　9. Practice speaking the language every day.

　　practice 在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中可以做動(dòng)詞也可以做名詞，而在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，practice是名詞，動(dòng)詞的拼寫(xiě)則是practise.

　　作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，其后只能跟動(dòng)名詞，不能跟不定式。如：It is really no fun to practice running in such hot weather.(在這樣炎熱的天氣里練跑步可真不是好玩的。)

　　10. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.

　　that successful language learners are similar in many ways 是賓語(yǔ)從句。在非正式場(chǎng)合下that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略。如：I think (that) you are right.

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 小男孩承認(rèn)是他打碎了窗玻璃。

　　(The little boy admitted that he broke the window.)

　　2) 大量證據(jù)表明他是有罪的。(Plenty of evidence shows that he is guilty.)

　　3) 我保證將會(huì)給他更多的幫助。(I promised that I would give him more help.)

　　11. … they discover their own way to learn the language. to learn the language

　　不定式做定語(yǔ)，例如：Is it the best way to solve the problem?(這是解決問(wèn)題的最好方法嗎?)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 他沒(méi)有勇氣承認(rèn)自己是無(wú)知的。(He has no courage to say that he is ignorant.)

　　2) 這將是一個(gè)交流思想的好機(jī)會(huì)。(This will be a good opportunity to exchange ideas.)

　　3) 他們?cè)跁?huì)上沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)。(They had no right to speak at the meeting.)

　　12. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain， they try to find the patterns and rules for themselves.

　　動(dòng)詞不定式to explain和名詞 teacher構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作wait for的賓語(yǔ)，稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。此類用法在英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn)，例如：

　　1) I''ll get someone to repair the bike for you.(我去找人來(lái)幫你修自行車。)

　　2) He wants you to call him in the afternoon.(他要你下午給他打電話。)

　　3) The teacher is waiting for the students to answer the questions.(老師在等學(xué)生們回答問(wèn)題。)

　　4) You can count on him to give you full support.(你放心，他會(huì)給你全力支持。)

　　請(qǐng)注意 instead of 與 instead 的區(qū)別：

　　1) Instead of staying at home watching TV， he went out for a walk.

　　He didn''t stay at home watching TV， instead he went out for a walk.

　　2) Instead of having milk for breakfast， he had a cup of coffee.

　　He didn''t have milk for breakfast， instead he had a cup of coffee.

　　13. When they guess wrong， they guess again.

　　wrong常常作形容詞或動(dòng)詞用，而本句中的wrong則作副詞用。請(qǐng)注意下面句子中wrong的詞類：

　　1) He was annoyed that he had been given some wrong information.(wrong adj.錯(cuò)誤的)

　　2) I knew I had wronged her terribly when I gave her all the complaints.(wrong v. 冤枉)

　　3) The whole class burst into laughter when the teacher pronounced her name wrong.(wrong adv.錯(cuò)，不對(duì))

　　14. … they look for such a chance.

　　句中的such是前置限定詞，可放在可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前，如：

　　1) I''ve never seen such beautiful scenery.(我從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣美麗的景色。)

　　2) He didn''t expect that the audience would give him such a response.(他沒(méi)料想到觀眾們會(huì)給予如此反應(yīng)。)

　　3) She didn''t feel like going out on such a cold day.(她不想在如此寒冷的日子里出門(mén)。)

　　從下面的句子中可以看出so與such的區(qū)別，so是副詞，通常用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞：

　　1) The question was so difficult that nobody could answer it.

　　(這個(gè)問(wèn)題太難了，沒(méi)人能回答。)

　　2) His eyesight was so poor that he couldn''t see anything clearly.

　　(他的視力不好，什么也看不清。)

　　3) He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.

　　(他跑得那么快，沒(méi)有人能趕上他。)

　　15. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

　　不定式短語(yǔ)to learn to think in the language是句子的真正主語(yǔ)。it常常被用來(lái)代替不定式，在句子中充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)移到句子后面去，這樣使句子顯得比較平穩(wěn)。為了說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，便在不定式前加for引起的短語(yǔ)。又如：

　　1) It is not at all difficult for him to understand the poem.

　　2) It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand at this time.

　　more important than是形容詞比較級(jí)形式，請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 湯姆的年齡比瑪麗大。(Tom is older than Mary.)

　　2) 這本書(shū)比那本書(shū)更有趣。(This book is more interesting than that one.)

　　3) 我們班的學(xué)生人數(shù)比他們班的多。(There are more students in our class than in theirs.)

　　16. … you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully.

　　句中所用的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。又如：

　　1) He has been working for a whole day.

　　2) They have been watching TV for two hours.

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 老李已經(jīng)在南京生活了二十年。(Lao Li has been living in Nanjing for 20 years.)

　　2) 雨下多久了?(How long has it been raining?)

　　3) 我等了他一個(gè)多小時(shí)了。(I have been waiting for him for more than an hour.)

　　17. … if your language learning has been less than successful， you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.

　　less than用在形容詞的前面是為了給所要表述的內(nèi)容增加否定意味。又如：It would be less than fair to put all the blame on him.(把所有的責(zé)任都加在他身上是不太公平的。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 父親對(duì)他的成績(jī)不太滿意。(Father was less than satisfied with his performance.)

　　2) 這個(gè)計(jì)劃遠(yuǎn)不夠完美。(The plan was a good deal less than perfect.)

　　do well to do sth. 的意思是“最好…做”，如：She would do well to go away from these

　　dishonest people.(她最好遠(yuǎn)離這些不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。)

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