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　　二.賓語從句

　　在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。

　　1. 賓語從句常由that引導(dǎo)，在口語中常省略。當(dāng)主句中謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞不受主句中謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響，按需要可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：

　　She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 從句是一般將來時(shí)

　　當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般用表示過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：

　　He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 從句是一般過去時(shí)

　　He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 從句是過去將來時(shí)

　　He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 從句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理(事實(shí))時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

　　The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.

　　老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人。

　　He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他說光傳播比聲音傳播快得多。

　　2. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移

　　1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。

　　I don't think I know you.　我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。

　　I don't believe he will come.　我相信他不回來。

　　注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。

　　I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。

　　2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。

　　It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看來他們不知道往哪去。

　　It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。

　　Key words and phrases

　　1. efficiency : n 效率，其他同根詞：efficient: a 高效率的;inefficient: a 效率低的;inefficiency : n; effective: a 有效果的

　　1). He has done much to increase the ____ of English teaching.

　　2). She is very _____ in reducing waste.

　　3). His ____ study method caused his failure.

　　4). The city government took some _____ measures to reduce unemployment.

　　Answers: efficiency, efficient; inefficient, effective

　　2. increasingly: ad不斷增加地， 由此可以聯(lián)想到：

　　increase：v 增加; increasing: a 不斷增加的; decrease: v減少;

　　1). Drinking and smoking among young people _____ to an alarming extent.

　　2). The truth is becoming ______ apparent.

　　3). The ____ friendly relations between the two countries strengthen the cultural exchanges between them.

　　3. prevalent: a 流行的，普通的 = popular

　　4. calculator : n 計(jì)算者，計(jì)算器，calculate: v 計(jì)算;calculation : n 計(jì)算; calculating: a 詭計(jì)多端的

　　5. expose: v 使暴露，揭露，揭發(fā)，exposure: n; expose sb to sth讓某人接觸。。。

　　6. completion: n 完成、結(jié)束，由此可以聯(lián)想到：

　　complete: v完成，a 完整的，completeness: n 完整;incomplete: a 不完整的

　　1). He ____ denied the existence of god.

　　2). He has never ____ a project on time.

　　3). Money will be paid half in advance and half on _______.

　　4). When will the new railway ________?

　　7). intensity : n 強(qiáng)烈、劇烈，由此可以聯(lián)想到：

　　intense = strong: a 強(qiáng)烈的, intensive: a 密集的，加強(qiáng)的;intensify: v 加強(qiáng);intension: n 強(qiáng)烈、緊張。

　　1). We should ____ the struggle for peace.

　　2). There are few strong situations or moments of dramatic ______.

　　3). They have been receiving a four-day ____ training course.

　　4). They kept working in the ____ heat.

　　Answers: intensify, intensity, intensive, intense

　　8. defective : a 有缺點(diǎn)的，defect: n 缺點(diǎn)

　　9. assemble: v 集合、裝配; assembly: n 裝配

　　10. expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面臨、遭受

　　1). People often expose their skin to the sun in summer.

　　2). I won't expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks.

　　11. in that: 在于，因?yàn)?/P>

　　1). I like the country better in that it is closer to nature.

　　12. in question: 正被談?wù)摰�，正被考慮的(通常放在被修飾名詞后面)

　　We know nothing about the plan in question.

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