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點(diǎn)擊查看2017年自考本科《英語(一)》考點(diǎn)串講匯總
補(bǔ)充語法知識(shí):名詞性從句
名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句,其功同名詞一樣。
一.主語從句
主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
1).It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.
2).It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.
3).It is in the morning that the murder took place.
4).It is John that broke the window.
必背
用形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句相當(dāng)多,有些已形成固定的語法和譯法。常見的有:
It is said that... 據(jù)說…… It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……
It is well known that... 眾所周知…… It is announced that... 據(jù)宣布……
It is believed that... 人們相信…… It is thought that... 人們認(rèn)為……
It is understood that... 自不待言…… It must be pointed out that... 必須指出……
It must be admitted that... 必須承認(rèn)……
2.主語從句的語序
主語從句要求使用陳述句語序,而非一般疑問句語序。如:
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
使我感到驚訝的是這個(gè)小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。
3. 連接詞的選用
(1)that和what的選用
that和what都可引導(dǎo)主語從句。what除起連接作用外,還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某些成分,可作從句的主語、賓語或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,無詞義,只起連接詞作用。如:
What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本書。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 眾所周知,光線沿直線運(yùn)行。
(2)if和whether的選用
引導(dǎo)主語從句,不能用if,只能用whether。如:
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
我們明天是否在戶外開晚會(huì)要看天氣而定。
(3)其它連接代詞和副詞的選用
根據(jù)主語從句的具體意義,正確的選擇who, which, when, where, why, how等連接詞,這些連接詞既有疑問含義,又起連接作用,同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。如:
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒有決定。
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 還不清楚昨天誰打破了玻璃。
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你決定買哪一輛車都不會(huì)有任何區(qū)別。
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