II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%×10=10% )

　　11. A is one of the defining properties of human language, which means there is in general no natural relation between meanings and sounds.

　　12. Among the three branches of phonetics, the study of the physical properties of the streams of sounds produced in speech is known as a phonetics.

　　13. In using the morphological rules, we must guard against o in that different words may require different affixes to create the same meaning change.

　　14. Universal Grammar is a set of principles and p of grammar which, according to Chomsky, is inherited genetically by all human beings.

　　15. The synonyms such as economical, thrifty, and stingy are different in their e meaning.

　　16. Most of the violations of the four maxims under the Cooperative Principle give rise to conversational i .

　　17. When there is a need to reduce ambiguity and increase communicative clarity or expressiveness, then rule e occurs.

　　18. A pidgin is a m language developed as a medium of trade, or through other extended but limited contact, between groups of speakers who have no other language in common.

　　19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called 1 .

　　20. Language acquisition is concerned with language development in humans. Generally speaking, it refers to children’s development of their f language.

　　III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so. ( 2% × 10=20% )

　　21. ( ) “There’s a motorcycle coming" is seen as, out of context, a statement that a motorcycle is coming. But in a particular context, it might be a warning to a pedestrian not to step onto a road. When the study of meaning is considered in the context of use, it becomes a branch of linguistics called pragmatics.

　　22.( )To distinguish between phonemes and phones，linguists use slashes//for phonetic segments and square brackets [ ] for phonemic segments.

　　23. ( )Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem and also change the part of speech of the original word.

　　24. ( )In addition to sentences and clauses，a syntactic category usually refers to a 1exical category or a phrasal category that performs a particular grammatical function.

　　25. ( )The word“flower”and “flour”，which are identical in sound，but different in spelling and meaning，are homophones.

　　26.( )As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context，pragmatics can be regarded as a kind of meaning study.

　　27. ( )The meaning representation of words may change，becoming broader, narrower, or shifted.The word knight once meant “youth”，but was elevated in meaning in the age of chivalry;When Juliet tells Romeo，“I’m too fond.” She is not claiming she likes Romeo too much.She means “I am too foolish.”These are two examples of semantic broadening.

　　28. ( ) In sociolinguistics，speech community refers to a group of speakers who constitute a community and share the same language or a particular variety of language.Speakers of English in general might be treated as such a community.

　　29. ( )Generally speaking，the left hemisphere of the brain controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signals from，the right side of the body.

　　30.( )The optimum age for SLA always accords with the maxim of’ “the younger the better”.