>>>>干貨盤點(diǎn):2020年考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全
本文講解考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之【分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)】。語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),語(yǔ)法大關(guān)不過(guò),閱讀、完型、翻譯和寫作都會(huì)有難度,就別提過(guò)線和拿高分了。所以說(shuō),基礎(chǔ)階段,語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)要打好。
過(guò)去分詞可以表示“被動(dòng)”和“完成”等意義,因此沒有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的形式變化。下面談一下現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
1.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having+過(guò)去分詞)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上有一定的間隔。
例如:
Having written the letter,John went to the post office.
(=After he had written the letter,John went to the post office.
約翰寫完信后,就去郵局了。
Having lived in Beijing for years,Lao Wang knows the city quite well.
(=As he has lived in Beijing for years,Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)
老王在北京住了多年,所以對(duì)這個(gè)城市很熟悉。
Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.
(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)
小馬喝了兩杯水,感覺好一些了
一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例如:
Opening the drawer,he took out his wallet.
(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)
他打開抽屜,拿出錢包。
Coming into the room,he put down his bag.
(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)
他走進(jìn)房間,放下提包。
Having brushed his teeth,Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
布朗先生刷過(guò)牙,就下樓來(lái)吃早飯。
(此句如寫成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“邊刷牙,邊下樓’。)
2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(being +過(guò)去分詞)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前時(shí),可用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成式(having + been +過(guò)去分詞)。
例如:
The bridge being built will be completed next month.正在修建的那座橋?qū)⒂谙略峦瓿伞?/P>
Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late,Tom was let in.湯姆回來(lái)晚了,所以被關(guān)在門外半小時(shí)左右才讓他進(jìn)去。
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