>>>>干貨盤(pán)點(diǎn):2020年考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全
本文講解考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之【不定式作狀語(yǔ)】。語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),語(yǔ)法大關(guān)不過(guò),閱讀、完型、翻譯和寫(xiě)作都會(huì)有難度,就別提過(guò)線和拿高分了。所以說(shuō),基礎(chǔ)階段,語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)要打好。
不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。
(1)表示目的。如:
We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players. 我們搖旗擂鼓吹號(hào),來(lái)鼓勵(lì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
They went to the U.S.A. not to study English but to study law and business. 他們?nèi)チ嗣绹?guó),不是為了學(xué)英語(yǔ),而是為了學(xué)法律和商務(wù)。
為了強(qiáng)調(diào),有時(shí)用in order to (為了)或so as to (以便)加動(dòng)詞原形,放在句首或句尾均可。例如;
In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day. 為了提高英語(yǔ)水平,我每天都看《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》。
He took a taxi so as not to miss the train. 為了不誤火車(chē),他坐了出租車(chē)。
有些不定式習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)放在句首或句尾,作獨(dú)立成分。例如:
To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory. 老實(shí)(和你)說(shuō),這不令人滿意。
To be fair, she is an honest girl. 說(shuō)句公道話,她是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的姑娘。
To tell you the truth, you are wrong.. 實(shí)話告訴你,你錯(cuò)了。
這樣的短語(yǔ)還有to tell you the truth實(shí)話告訴你,to conclude 最后, to begin with首先,to cut a long story short 簡(jiǎn)而言之,to go back to the point回到正題,not to make too much of it 別小題大做,to put it another way 換句話說(shuō),to hear him talk聽(tīng)他說(shuō)話的口氣,等等。
(2)表示原因。例如:
To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner. 他這樣說(shuō)話,你會(huì)以為他是外國(guó)人。The old father smiled to know his success. 知道他成功的消息,那位老父親笑了。
不定式短語(yǔ)可以和表示情緒的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞連用,有時(shí)說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因,有時(shí)不是說(shuō)明原因,而是和形容詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況。
常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)形容詞和過(guò)去分詞有:
able有能力的,afraid 害怕的,amazed 感到驚異的,angry生氣的,anxious 急于的,astonished 感到驚訝的, careful小心的, certain有把握的,clever聰明的, comfortable舒服的,cruel殘忍的,deep深的,delighted 高興的, difficult有困難的, disappointed感到失望的,determined 有決心的,eager 急于的, easy容易的,fit 合適的,foolish 愚蠢的,fortunate 幸運(yùn)的, free自由的,frightened感到害怕的,glad高興的,good好的, happy幸福的,hard艱苦的,lucky 幸運(yùn)的,overjoyed 高興的, pleased高興的,possible 可能的,proud 自豪的,ready 準(zhǔn)備好的,relieved 感到輕松的,right正確的,sad悲傷的,shocked感到驚訝的, sorry難過(guò)的,sure 肯定的, surprised感到驚訝的, unable沒(méi)能力的,useless沒(méi)用的,willing 愿意的,worthy 值得的,wrong 錯(cuò)誤的等。
例如:
He’ll be angry to hear these words. 聽(tīng)到這些話他會(huì)生氣的。
You’re lucky to have me as your teacher. 有我當(dāng)你們老師,你們很幸運(yùn)。
He feels proud to be on the school football team. 作為校足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員他感到很自豪。
Be careful not to catch cold. 小心別感冒。
He’s anxious to go back straight to London. 他急于直接回倫敦。
They’ll be ready to leave in about an hour. 再有大約一小時(shí)他們就準(zhǔn)備好了。
The new manager is easy to get along with . 新經(jīng)理很容易相處。
This river is broad, deep and good tom in. 這條河寬且深,是游泳的好地方。
Your sofa is comfortable to sit in. 你的沙發(fā)坐上去很舒服。
(3)不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)只限于下面幾個(gè)詞:learn得知,find 發(fā)現(xiàn),see 看見(jiàn),hear 聽(tīng)見(jiàn), to be told被告知,make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。例如:
He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off. 他急忙趕到機(jī)場(chǎng),卻得知飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。
He returned home from his holiday only to find that his house had been broken into. 他休假回家,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的房子被破門(mén)而入了。
(4) 不定式還可以與“be said, be reported,…”等連用構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可變成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(見(jiàn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)部分)。如:
An explosion is reported to have happened, and three are known to have been killed.
= It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.
據(jù)報(bào)道發(fā)生了一起爆炸,已知三人被炸死。
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