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2015考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句每周一解(五)

　　從考生近期在考研英語(yǔ)方面的提問(wèn)來(lái)看，長(zhǎng)難句仍然是考生本階段復(fù)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)所在，大多數(shù)考生的問(wèn)題都已不是單純的某種從句，而是名詞詞組較多、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句式，老師在本文中就一些有代表性的問(wèn)題給出詳細(xì)解析，幫助考生更好地理解句意、掌握長(zhǎng)難句。

　　1、 請(qǐng)?jiān)敿?xì)解釋：This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

　　解析：這個(gè)句子體現(xiàn)了典型的英文文章寫(xiě)作手法——?jiǎng)釉~名詞化，顯得比較客觀和正式。這個(gè)句子整個(gè)框架是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其中a justification和a rationalization是并列的兩個(gè)表語(yǔ)，for neglect of those in need作a justification的后置定語(yǔ)，of exploitation和of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom都是a rationalization的后置定語(yǔ)。由于中文習(xí)慣用動(dòng)詞，所以在翻譯時(shí)要把名詞化動(dòng)詞還原，例如“a justification”要還原成“justify，為……做辯護(hù)”。整句話的句意是：這似乎是為忽視貧困者的行為做辯護(hù)，為剝削、為上層人的優(yōu)越和底層人的卑微找理由。

　　2、 請(qǐng)分析并翻譯：Most senior executives are familiar with formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.

　　解析：這個(gè)句子句式復(fù)雜，先要理清句子基本骨架——and連接的兩個(gè)并列句。第一個(gè)句子是Most senior executives are familiar with formal decision analysis models and tools;第二個(gè)句子是those are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods�！皐ho use such systematic methods for reaching decisions”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾those; “which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action”是修飾solutions的定語(yǔ)從句。整句話的句意是：大部分高層管理人員熟知正規(guī)的決策分析模式和工具,那些使用這些正式的系統(tǒng)化方法做出決定的人會(huì)對(duì)一種情況保持警惕,那就是有時(shí)此方法得出的結(jié)論和他們對(duì)正確行為的感覺(jué)不符。

　　3、 切分句子切不明白：Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory , so that they should be more in turn with the changing times, and anyone who does not quail(害怕)at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship ,observing Borromini.

　　解析：句子主句是Anyone and anyone will find spiritual kinship，第一個(gè)anyone是considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art的邏輯主語(yǔ)，which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory是those forms of older art的定語(yǔ)從句，so that they should be more in turn with the changing times仍然說(shuō)的是those forms of old art，定語(yǔ)從句who does not quail(害怕)at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function修飾第二個(gè)anyone。

　　以上三個(gè)句子分別代表了三種類型的考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句：第一種是名詞化詞組拉長(zhǎng)句子;第二種是并列句的基礎(chǔ)上套用從句;第三種是核心詞修飾成分過(guò)長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致句子主干不好辨認(rèn)。這些都是英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中作者顯示自己寫(xiě)作水平常用的手法，建議考生在閱讀文章時(shí)多留心、多分析，熟練之后加快速度，從而提高閱讀理解做題效率。

　　2015年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯：長(zhǎng)難句每周一解

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