狗仔隊(duì)的誠(chéng)信度

　　1、 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.

　　為什么那么多美國(guó)人不相信自己在報(bào)紙上看到的東西？美國(guó)新聞編輯協(xié)會(huì)正試圖回答這個(gè)痛苦的問(wèn)題。該組織正深深陷入一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的自我剖析過(guò)程，即新聞可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目。

　　2、Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

　　遺憾的是，這次新聞機(jī)構(gòu)可信度調(diào)查計(jì)劃結(jié)果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn)交織在一起的還有許多令人撓頭的困惑，譬如讀者到底想讀些什么。

　　3、But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

　　但這種對(duì)媒體的不信任有更深刻的根源。多數(shù)新聞?dòng)浾叨紝W(xué)著用一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式去看待世界，并把每天發(fā)生的事件納入這種模式。換言之，在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式，為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報(bào)道提供了一個(gè)主干框架和一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的故事敘述結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　4、There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

　　新聞?dòng)浾吆妥x者之間存在著社會(huì)和文化方面的脫節(jié)，這就是為什么新聞編輯室的“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式”與眾多讀者的意趣相差甚遠(yuǎn)的原因。在最近一次調(diào)查中，問(wèn)卷被送到了全國(guó)五座中等城市及一座大都市的記者手中，然后隨機(jī)地給這些城市的居民打電話，問(wèn)他們同樣的問(wèn)題。

　　5、Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

　　結(jié)果表明，與其他美國(guó)人相比，新聞?dòng)浾吒�有可能居住在富人區(qū)，有女傭，有奔馳車，炒股，而他們?nèi)ソ烫茫瑓⒓又г�服�?wù)，扎根社區(qū)的可能性卻很小。

　　6、Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.

　　記者們往往屬于廣義的社會(huì)文化精英的一個(gè)部分，因此他們的工作往往反映了這些精英傳統(tǒng)的價(jià)值觀。讀者對(duì)新聞媒介令人震驚的不信任的根源并非是報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧，而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞。

　　7、This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

　　這對(duì)任何一個(gè)工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)都算是爆炸性的形勢(shì)，對(duì)于一個(gè)正在衰落的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此。這是一個(gè)棘手的行業(yè)，卻不斷地雇用觀點(diǎn)總體上使客戶惱怒的雇員。然后它又出資組織研討會(huì)和可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目，去探究為什么顧客們惱火了，為什么會(huì)有那么多人逃避新聞。但它似乎從來(lái)就沒(méi)回過(guò)頭來(lái)去注意那么多以前的顧客所抱怨的文化和階級(jí)偏見。如果它能注意這個(gè)問(wèn)題的話，它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目（這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工），進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層各不相同的各種記者。

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