16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.

　　[參考譯文] 現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時(shí)間競爭的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個(gè)方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。

　　17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

　　[參考譯文] 在跟你談話的時(shí)候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經(jīng) 驗(yàn)和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的方式被展示出來。

　　18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.

　　[參考譯文] 英國廣播公司將作為一個(gè)公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會這樣，但是它的角色、它的規(guī)模和它的節(jié)目現(xiàn)在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。

　　19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.

　　[參考譯文] 這場辯論是由政府發(fā)動(dòng)的，政府請任何一個(gè)對英國廣播公司有意見的人一包括普通的聽眾和觀眾一來說說這個(gè)公司好在哪里或壞在哪里，甚至要說說他們是否認(rèn)為這個(gè)公司值得被保留下來。

　　20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

　　[參考譯文] 這種變化通過引入許多的專業(yè)因素從而適應(yīng)了這個(gè)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求， 并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代和第三代人(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)公司)的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常會毀掉那些家族公司的財(cái)富。

　　21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

　　[參考譯文] 這樣巨大而非個(gè)人的對資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他 們作為一個(gè)階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負(fù)責(zé)任的財(cái)富的一個(gè)因素，這種財(cái)富不但遠(yuǎn)離了土地和土地?fù)碛姓叩呢?zé)任，而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c公司的負(fù)責(zé)任的管理毫無關(guān)系。

　　22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

　　[參考譯文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的"舒 適"階級提供居住場所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了 分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。

　　23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.

　　[參考譯文] 這樣的"股東"對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關(guān)系都不會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。

　　24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

　　[參考譯文] 代表公司的花錢雇來的經(jīng)理與工人及其需求的關(guān)系更加直接，但是就連 他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私人之間的了解。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有 這樣的私人關(guān)系。

　　25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.

　　[參考譯文] 在許多形成因素當(dāng)中，我將挑選出這些：這個(gè)國家優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育：歡 迎新技術(shù)的勞動(dòng)者們：獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)發(fā)明者的做法;而且最重要的是美國人在對 那些技術(shù)性事物的非言語的、"空間性的"思考方面的天賦。

　　26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".

　　[參考譯文] 正如尤金•弗格森所指出的那樣："一個(gè)技術(shù)專家思考那些不能被簡化成 能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、 非語言表述的過程宋處理的……設(shè)計(jì)者和發(fā)明者……能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。"

　　27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".

　　[參考譯文] 羅伯特•法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到："一個(gè)技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、 輪子等等當(dāng)中，就像一個(gè)詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達(dá)了--種新 的思想。"

　　28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.

　　[參考譯文] 在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍了一頓。他描述了他 們的活動(dòng)和戰(zhàn)術(shù)，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實(shí)的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫異。

　　29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

　　[參考譯文] 在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂芬•杰伊•古爾德寫道："這本書本 身就代表理性。"而它確實(shí)是這樣的--而且如果理性成為神造論/地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，一切就都好辦了。

　　30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

　　[參考譯文] 經(jīng)過了六個(gè)月的爭論以及最后16個(gè)小時(shí)激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北 部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個(gè)允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當(dāng)局。

　　31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.

　　[參考譯文] 一些機(jī)構(gòu)終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機(jī)構(gòu)，包括教堂，倡導(dǎo)生命之 權(quán)的團(tuán)體和澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會，尖銳地抨擊這個(gè)法案，指責(zé)法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。

　　32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

　　[參考譯文] 在澳大利亞--人口老齡化，延長壽命的技術(shù)和變化看的社會態(tài)度，這 些因素都在發(fā)揮作用一一其他的州也會考慮制定相似的關(guān)于安樂死的法律。