(3)①We are even farther removed from the discursive newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men (for they were all men) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a(chǎn) term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”

　　[譯文]

　　我們離20世紀(jì)初期和二戰(zhàn)前夕期間在英國發(fā)表的東拉西扯的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論甚至更遠(yuǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)，新聞用紙非常便宜，而且時(shí)髦的文藝評論被認(rèn)為是一種對刊登這種內(nèi)容的出版物的裝飾。在那些遙遠(yuǎn)的年代，主流報(bào)紙的評論家們會把報(bào)道的事件詳細(xì)充分地記錄下來，這被視為理所當(dāng)然。這些評論家們所從事的是嚴(yán)肅的事業(yè)。甚至是那些喜歡賣弄學(xué)問的評論家們(像蕭伯納和歐內(nèi)斯特·紐曼)也知道自己在做什么，這一點(diǎn)足以讓人信任。這些男人(因?yàn)樗麄兌际悄腥?把新聞業(yè)認(rèn)為是一個(gè)職業(yè)，并且對于他們的文章能夠在報(bào)紙上刊登出來感到很自豪�！澳軗碛凶銐虻乃枷牖蜃銐虻奈膶W(xué)天賦可以使他們在新聞業(yè)上成就自己的事業(yè)的作者是如此之少”， 紐曼寫道，“以致于我禁不住把‘新聞業(yè)’定義成被某些作家所使用的一個(gè)恥辱的術(shù)語。對真正的作家而言，他們根本就沒有學(xué)問”。

　　[語篇分析]

　�、儆胑ven farther承接上一段，繼續(xù)說明當(dāng)代人遠(yuǎn)離報(bào)紙?jiān)u論，并以20世紀(jì)初期和二戰(zhàn)前夕期間英國發(fā)表的評論為例。even farther“甚至更加(遠(yuǎn)離)”，我們反推上一段也是在說我們“遠(yuǎn)離”報(bào)紙上的文藝評論，只不過這一段舉了一個(gè)“更加遠(yuǎn)離”的例子繼續(xù)證明文章主題(第一段①的后半句)。②In those far-off days指的是between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II這段時(shí)間，承接第①句。③句的Theirs與business相對應(yīng)，譯成“這些評論家們所從事的事業(yè)”， reviewers替換critics，都表示“評論家”。④中的These men指代②③句中的那些評論家們，為同一意群。⑤句中包含一個(gè)so… that句型，表示“如此…以致于”，在句子中離得比較遠(yuǎn)，在翻譯的時(shí)候我們把“如此之少”放在后面，這樣能更好的銜接下面的“以致于”。大家注意：…applied by writers who are not read to writers who are。其中who are not read為定語從句，修飾writers，這里的read為adj. 請看韋氏詞典的解釋：read adj. instructed by or informed through reading. 有學(xué)問的，也就是說這些writers根本沒有學(xué)問，那么是對于誰來說沒有學(xué)問呢?to writers who are。此處who are的后面省略了read，就是說，對于有學(xué)問的作家來說(即真正的作家來說)，那些writers是根本沒有學(xué)問的。請各位考生仔細(xì)體會!

　　[重點(diǎn)單詞]

　　discursive /dɪˈskəːsɪv/ adj. discussing many different ideas, facts etc, without always having a clear purpose 東拉西扯的、不著邊際的

　　dirt-cheap adj. If you say that something is dirt-cheap, you are emphasizing that it is very cheap indeed. (INFORMAL) 極其便宜

　　stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ adj. attractive in a fashionable way 時(shí)髦的、流行的、吸引人的

　　far-off adj. If you describe a moment in time as far off, you mean that it is a long time from the present, either in the past or the future. 遙遠(yuǎn)的

　　wear one’s learning lightly 賣弄某人的學(xué)問

　　calling /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/ n. A calling is a profession or career which someone is strongly attracted to, especially one which involves helping other people. 職業(yè)= vocation

　　brain/breɪn/ n. Your brain is your mind and the way that you think. 思想= mind

　　gift /gɪft/ n. a natural ability 天賦

　　contempt /kənˈtempt/ n. a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect 恥辱、侮辱

　　[必備搭配]

　　discursive reviews東拉西扯的評論;arts criticism文藝評論;take for granted認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然;at length詳細(xì)地;serious business嚴(yán)肅的事業(yè);literary gift文學(xué)天賦;keep one’s end up in在…成就事業(yè);be tempted to do 禁不住做…

　　(4)①Why, then, are virtually all of these critics forgotten? ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists。

　　[譯文]

　　那么，為什么幾乎所有的這些評論家們被人們忘卻了呢?從1917年開始一直到1975年死前不久還在為曼徹斯特《衛(wèi)報(bào)》寫文章的內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯，如今僅僅作為一個(gè)撰寫關(guān)于板球比賽文章的作家被人們所知。然而，在他的一生中，他也是英國最重要的古典音樂評論家之一。他也是一位被廣為贊賞的文體家，其1947年的《自傳》是一本暢銷書。他于1967年被授予爵士稱號，也是第一位被授予這個(gè)頭銜的音樂評論家。然而，他出的書中如今只有一本還在版。并且，他關(guān)于音樂方面的大量作品都不為人知，除了專業(yè)人士以外。

　　[語篇分析]

　　①句的then承接上一段，作者提出一個(gè)問題，即為什么幾乎所有的這些評論家們被人們忘卻了呢? ②③④⑤為同一意群，以內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯為例，講述了評論家們被人們忘卻的現(xiàn)象。②句主干是：Neville Cardus is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket。注意，solely表示僅僅，說明如今內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯僅僅作為一個(gè)撰寫關(guān)于板球比賽文章的作家被人們所知，我們據(jù)此推測，他肯定還有其他方面不為人知，而他其他方面的不為人知恰恰是因?yàn)槲乃囋u論的衰退!who wrote for… his death in 1975為非限制性定語從句，修飾Neville Cardus.③④兩句介紹了他其他的優(yōu)秀方面。⑤介紹了他在音樂方面除了專業(yè)人士外，還有大量的作品不為人知。注意這里的save用法很特殊，表示“除… 之外”。

　　[重點(diǎn)單詞]

　　virtually /ˈvəːtʃuəli / adv. You can use virtually to indicate that something is so nearly true that for most purposes it can be regarded as true. 幾乎

　　solely /ˈsəul-li / adv. not involving anything or anyone else 僅僅、只有

　　foremost /ˈfɔːməust / adj. the best or most important 最重要的、最好的

　　knight/naɪt/ v. to give someone the rank of knight 授予爵士稱號

　　specialist/ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n. someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it 專業(yè)人士

　　[必備搭配]

　　solely as僅僅作為;classical-music critics古典音樂評論家;foremost critics重要的評論家;best-selling book暢銷書

　　(5)①Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a posthumous revival? ②The prospect seems remote. ③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.④ Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat ever since Virgil Thomson first showed the readers of the New York Herald Tribune that a trained musician could write about music every bit as stylishly as a professional journalist. ⑤As a result, today’s classical-music critics are expected to have precisely the kind of technical training that Cardus’s generation disdained。

　　[譯文]

　　卡達(dá)斯的評論還有可能享有在他死后重新流行嗎?前景似乎渺茫。 在他去世以前很久，新聞業(yè)的品味就已經(jīng)改變了。并且后現(xiàn)代的讀者們很少閱讀他所擅長的經(jīng)過華麗修飾的文章。而且，自從維吉爾·湯姆森首次在《紐約先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》顯示了一位受過訓(xùn)練的音樂家完全能夠和職業(yè)的新聞從業(yè)者一樣寫出漂亮的關(guān)于音樂的文章，音樂評論中的業(yè)余傳統(tǒng)就一直在迅猛地衰退。所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是，當(dāng)今的古典音樂評論家們必須正好接受過這種技能訓(xùn)練，這是卡達(dá)斯那一代人所不屑的。

　　[語篇分析]

　�、倬涑薪由弦欢危�繼續(xù)探討卡達(dá)斯的評論作品。作者提出問題，卡達(dá)斯的評論還有可能享有在他死后重新流行嗎?②作者給出了回答——前景似乎渺茫，seem表示一種不確定的語氣。①②為同一意群，③④⑤為一個(gè)意群，③④兩句道出了前景似乎渺茫的原因。③句說如今新聞業(yè)的品味已經(jīng)改變了，而且后現(xiàn)代的讀者們也很少去讀這類文章;④句說例舉維吉爾·湯姆森在《紐約先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》的一篇文章顯示了一位受過訓(xùn)練的音樂家完全能夠和職業(yè)的新聞從業(yè)者一樣寫出漂亮的關(guān)于音樂的文章;正因?yàn)檫@樣的原因，才使得音樂評論中的業(yè)余傳統(tǒng)就一直在迅猛地衰退。其句子主干是：the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.;后邊是ever since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“自從…”，在這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句中，主干是：Virgil Thomson first showed sb that…，而that后面又引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，主干是：a trained musician could write about music every bit as…as…，every bit as 是“和… 完全一樣”。 ⑤As a result是表示結(jié)果的標(biāo)志詞，在閱讀中我們也要注意，往往引出重要的結(jié)論。句子主干是：today’s classical-music critics are expected to have precisely the kind of technical training。后面是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(that Cardus’s generation disdained)，修飾technical training。

　　[重點(diǎn)單詞]

　　posthumous /ˈpɔstjʊməs / adj. Posthumous is used to describe something that happens after a person's death but relates to something they did before they died. 死后發(fā)生的

　　taste/teɪst/ n。品味

　　postmodern /ˌpəustˈmɔdn / adj. relating to or influenced by postmodernism 后現(xiàn)代的

　　richly /ˈrɪtʃli/ adv。完全地、豐富地、富足地

　　upholster/ʌpˈhəulstə / vt。修飾、裝飾

　　retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ n. a movement away from someone or something 衰退、倒退

　　disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ vt. to have no respect for someone or something, because you think they are not important or good enough 蔑視、鄙視

　　[必備搭配]

　　posthumous revival重新流行;remote prospect渺茫的前景;change the tastes改變品味;amateur tradition業(yè)余傳統(tǒng);music criticism音樂評論;headlong retreat迅猛衰退;a trained musician一位受訓(xùn)練的音樂家;professional journalist職業(yè)新聞從業(yè)者;technical training技能訓(xùn)練

重磅推薦

2010年考研答案試題

考后第一時(shí)間：2010年考研答案試題解析專題

·視頻：2010年1月考研試題答案名師點(diǎn)評匯總

·2010考研查分、復(fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線、調(diào)劑信息發(fā)布預(yù)告

·2010年1月9日考研試題答案交流專區(qū)

·2010年考研模擬考場 考后第一時(shí)間提供在線估分

·2010年考研成績查詢、調(diào)劑信息短信提醒開通