真題：2010年1月考研英語試題(海文版)

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　　2010年考研英語Part B新題型部分，第一次考到了新題型的段落排序題，但是與考研大綱不同的是，這次段落排序題不是5選5，而是6選5，有一個(gè)不能選的段落。這是讓廣大考生感到?jīng)]有思想準(zhǔn)備的一道題。題目要求中明確指出，本題共出現(xiàn)標(biāo)號從A到G的7個(gè)段落，其中E段的位置已經(jīng)給出，而要求從A, B, C, D, F, G這6個(gè)段落中選取5段，并結(jié)合已經(jīng)給的E段，進(jìn)行排序。

　　題目的素材。選自2003年第一期《麥肯錫周刊》(The Mckinsey Quartly)。請注意，這已經(jīng)是這本注明的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理類雜志第二次入選考研英語試題的素材庫了。原文的名字叫“A wholesale shift in European groceries”，翻譯成漢語，為“歐洲日常用品銷售向批發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)型”。整個(gè)文章主要描述的目前歐洲的日用消費(fèi)品零售商(主要是連鎖大超市集團(tuán))在歐洲面臨的困境——缺乏增長動(dòng)力。而它們卻忽視了現(xiàn)在消費(fèi)者的習(xí)慣正在發(fā)生改變這一事實(shí)。下面我們來分析一下新題型這道題的解題方法。

　　[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation。

　　[B] Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。

　　[C] Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is base on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold。

　　[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics。

　　[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined---France, Germany—are made out of the same building block. Demand mainly from two sources: in dependent mom—and –pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends。

　　[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate。

　　[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains。

　　解題步驟與思路：

　　一。歸納6個(gè)選項(xiàng)的段落大意，同時(shí)注意兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間的聯(lián)系。通過閱讀閱讀選項(xiàng)【B】，我們歸納出其中心意思是：歐洲市場的日用品零售市場已經(jīng)停止，因此大部分零售商已經(jīng)嘗試電子商務(wù)，但是幾乎所有的零售商都無視了日用品的批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)，認(rèn)為它應(yīng)該是一個(gè)大的，賺錢的機(jī)會。同時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，【F】選項(xiàng)是在具體的說明批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)給法國，德國，意大利等國家?guī)�來的巨大利益，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間的關(guān)系屬于典型的觀點(diǎn)+例證的邏輯關(guān)系，所以我們可以選定應(yīng)該是【B】，然后是[F]。【B】選項(xiàng)的末句和選項(xiàng)【F】有詞匯上照應(yīng)，這連個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間都出現(xiàn)了wholesale food and drink這幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。

　　二。選項(xiàng)【D】和【G】之間可以憑借同義詞替換來尋找做題的關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)【D】最后一句New skills and unfamilar business models are needed too。和【G】選項(xiàng)中的這幾個(gè)詞匯首尾呼應(yīng)： none of these requirements，屬于典型的同義詞替換+指代原則(none of these )的做題原則。因此這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是先選【D】，再選【G】。

　　三。由于【E】選項(xiàng)已經(jīng)給出，段落排序的原則是重視首末句，通過閱讀末句我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，mask two opposing trends(掩蓋了兩個(gè)對立的傾向)。而[A]選項(xiàng)的開頭是提到：The first and more important is the consumers’ growing preference for eating out: 提到的是消費(fèi)者一種外出吃飯的偏愛。重要的是用了數(shù)字the first指代前面提到的趨勢。所以我們應(yīng)該先把45題確定為[A]選項(xiàng)。如果把[A]選項(xiàng)看成是第一段的同學(xué)，根本是在亂選，根據(jù)一般的出題規(guī)律，沒有這么把最明顯的詞匯放在句首作為做題的重要依據(jù)的。

　　四。選項(xiàng)【C】的主題是談到市場結(jié)構(gòu)變化的問題，也提到影響市場運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的因素。但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有出現(xiàn)與前面6段主題一致的中心詞匯，比如;retail, wholesale, food and drink等，它的最大的干擾來自“market”這個(gè)詞語，只可惜不是段落的中心詞匯。

　　五�，F(xiàn)在重要的是BFDG的順序問題。如果一旦錯(cuò)誤，就會導(dǎo)致四道題全錯(cuò)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)[B]的末句說大部分大型的零售商無視了wholesale的重要性，即沒有充分意識到它的重要性，屬于典型的首開wholesale food and drink話題的寫作方式，而且在接下來的段落里都是圍繞wholesale這個(gè)話題展開的，因此第一段應(yīng)該選[B]。

　　六. 參考答案：41---45 【B】【F】【D】【G】【A】。

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