一、拆分英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句三原則

　　1. 并列轉(zhuǎn)折原則

　　長(zhǎng)難句由于句子較長(zhǎng)，多表現(xiàn)為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。可以破折號(hào)、分號(hào)、并列連詞and或or、轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but、yet、while等為切入點(diǎn)，將各個(gè)長(zhǎng)句斷為分句。

　　2. 主句從句原則

　　各種從句的交替出現(xiàn)是長(zhǎng)難句的顯著特點(diǎn)之一，我們可以從各種從句的標(biāo)志性引導(dǎo)詞入手(定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞或副詞who，whom，whose，which，that，as，when，where，while，how;名詞性從句的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞who，whom，which，what，that，whether，when，where，why，how等;狀語(yǔ)從句的when，as，since，until，before，after，where，because，though，although，so that等)將各個(gè)分句斷為主句和從句。

　　3. 短語(yǔ)成分原則

　　無(wú)論是主句還是從句，都是由詞和短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的。其中，介詞短語(yǔ)或者不定式短語(yǔ)由于充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)的枝葉成分而成為我們解決的重點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)的介詞有on, in, with, at, of, to, by等;而不定式短語(yǔ)的標(biāo)志詞是to(后接動(dòng)詞原形)。找出并暫時(shí)去掉介詞短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)能幫助我們迅速抓住句子的主干，而將其妥善還原，則有利于對(duì)句子的正確理解。

　　二、長(zhǎng)難句舉例

　　1、定語(yǔ)從句

　　(1)When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that inpidual different from others.

　　(2)And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.

　　2、名詞從句

　　(1)Responsible public officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative(積累的) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the inpidual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime.

　　(2)Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animals species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict.

　　(3)It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking , the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.

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