五、 過去完成時

　　1、過去完成時，表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。即”過去的過去”。常用的信號詞有by(到……時候為止)，before等介詞短語，或用unless，when，after，once，as soon as等連詞引起的表示到過去某一時間為止的時間狀語來表示。

　　2、過去完成時常用在”no sooner…than”，和”hardly…when (before)”等句型的主句中，從句中常用一般過去時。如：By the end of last year，I had worked in this college for ten years. / No sooner had he finished his performance than the audience began to cheer. (=He had no sooner…than…) (他剛表演完觀眾就喝采)

　　六、其它要注意的時態(tài)

　　1、be going to口語中常用，表示最近打箅要做的事情;根據(jù)某種跡象表明可能要發(fā)生的事情。如：What are you going to do this evening? / Look at the cloud. It is going to rain.

　　2、過去將來時，多見于主句謂語動足一般過去時的賓語從句中。如：He said that he would get married soon.

　　3、過去進(jìn)行時主要用法之一是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景，往往在一個動作發(fā)生的過程中，突然發(fā)生第二個戲劇性的動作。第二個戲劇性動作為一般過去時，由when或while引出，意為”此時”。有二種句型：My pother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. / Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. / Someone knocked at the door while I was taking a shower. / Just as I was opening the door，the telephone rang.

　　4、如果兩個動作都引人注目且同時發(fā)生，并沒有一個比另一個更形象、更主要時，那么兩個動作都可以用過去進(jìn)行時。如：My husband was reading while I was cooking.

　　七、有些動詞以主動形式出現(xiàn)，卻有被動含義

　　如：The knife cuts well. / Nylon underwear washes easily. 尼龍內(nèi)衣容易洗 / The novels written by the young man sell well.那個年青人寫的小說銷路好 / This ball-pen writes in four colours. 這支園珠筆可以寫出四種顏色 / The note reads as follows”…”. 字條上寫著：”……”。

　　八、短語動詞構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)中，介詞或副詞不可省略

　　如：More schools and hospitals will be set up in the near future. / The old woman has been operated on. (這位老婦人已經(jīng)動過了手術(shù)) / The purse was picked up and handed to the police. 此外，固定搭配 “動詞 + 名詞 + 介詞” 習(xí)語中，介詞也不能省掉。 Time must be made good use of. / Less clever children should not be made fun of.

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