第三題

　　Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They've known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.

　　But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project， a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny and gene in human DNA. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.

　　What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor's secrets， genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.

　　And that's just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done， however， science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human—or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace， and many diseases will take decades to conquer， if they can be conquered at all.

　　In the short run， the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead

　　to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease， for example， could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances， almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations. (409 words)

　　1. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _____.

　　[A] know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program

　　[B] have found the basic building blocks of life

　　[C] have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-century

　　[D] are making a breakthrough in DNA

　　2. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that ______.

　　[A] time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of in human DNA

　　[B] human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patients

　　[C] gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of human diseases

　　[D] information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases

　　3. The word “pirate” (line 2， paragraph 3) means______.

　　[A] one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea

　　[B] one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorization

　　[C] to take (something) by piracy

　　[D] to make use of or reproduce (another's work) without authorization

　　4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_____.

　　[A] engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time being

　　[B] it‘s impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomato

　　[C] many diseases will never be conquered by human beings

　　[D] doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the

　　long run

　　5. The best title for the text may be ______.

　　[A] DNA and Heredity

　　[B] The Genetic Revolution

　　[C] A Biomedical Revolution

　　[D] How to Apply Genetic Technology

　　參考答案：DCBAB

　　第四題

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　The author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volumes of verse, historical, critical and autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lindsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific writer—a fact which can easily obscure his very real distinction in some of the areas into which he has ventured. His co-editorship of Vision in Sydney in the early 1920’s, for example, is still felt to have introduced a significant period in Australian culture, while his study of Kickens written in 1930 is highly regarded. But of all his work it is probably the novel to which he has made his most significant contribution.

　　Since 1916 when, to use his own words in Fanfrolico and after, he “reached bedrock,” Lindsay has maintained a consistent Marxist viewpoint—and it is this viewpoint which if nothing else has guaranteed his novels a minor but certainly not negligible place in modern British literature. Feeling that “the historical novel is a form that has a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a cultural instrument” (New Masses, January 1917), Lindsay first attempted to formulate his Marxist convictions in fiction mainly set in the past: particularly in his trilogy in English novels—1929, Lost Birthright, and Men of Forty-Eight (written in 1919, the Chartist and revolutionary uprisings in Europe). Basically these works set out, with most success in the first volume, to vivify the historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in Lindsay’s words, for the “true completion of the national destiny.”

　　Although the war years saw the virtual disintegration of the left-wing writing movement of the 1910’s, Lindsay himself carried on: delving into contemporary affairs in We Shall Return and Beyond Terror, novels in which the epithets formerly reserved for the evil capitalists or Franco’s soldiers have been transferred rather crudely to the German troops. After the war Lindsay continued to write mainly about the present—trying with varying degrees of success to come to terms with the unradical political realities of post-war England. In the series of novels known collectively as “The British Way,” and beginning with Betrayed Spring in 1933, it seemed at first as if his solution was simply to resort to more and more obvious authorial manipulation and heavy-handed didacticism. Fortunately, however, from Revolt of the Sons, this process was reversed, as Lindsay began to show an increasing tendency to ignore party solutions, to fail indeed to give anything but the most elementary political consciousness to his characters, so that in his latest (and what appears to be his last) contemporary novel, Choice of Times, his hero, Colin, ends on a note of desperation: “Everything must be different, I can’t live this way any longer. But how can I change it, how?” To his credit as an artist, Lindsay doesn’t give him any explicit answer.

　　1. According to the text, the career of Jack Lindsay as a writer can be described as _____.

　　[A]inventive [B]productive [C]reflective [D]inductive

　　2. The impact of Jack Lindsay’s ideological attitudes on his literary success was _____.

　　[A]utterly negative

　　[B]limited but indivisible

　　[C]obviously positive

　　[D]obscure in net effect

　　3. According to the second paragraph, Jack Lindsay firmly believes in______.

　　[A]the gloomy destiny of his own country

　　[B]the function of literature as a weapon

　　[C]his responsibility as an English man

　　[D]his extraordinary position in literature

　　4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that__________.

　　[A]the war led to the ultimate union of all English authors

　　[B]Jack Lindsay was less and less popular in England

　　[C]Jack Lindsay focused exclusively on domestic affairs

　　[D]the radical writers were greatly influenced by the war

　　5. According to the text, the speech at the end of the tex__________t.

　　[A]demonstrates the author’s own view of life

　　[B]shows the popular view of Jack Lindsay

　　[C]offers the author’s opinion of Jack Lindsay

　　[D]indicates Jack Lindsay’s change of attitude

　　參考答案：B C B D D

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