Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (46)  But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions—a factor that academic critics rarely take into account. Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (47)Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet.By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (48) At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere”.  During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (49)  By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. “I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (50) I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work. I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “ When I’m financially secure.”

　　答案

　　46.但是這一點(diǎn)與其說是與學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境具有誘惑力的召喚有關(guān)，還不如說是與變化的市場狀況有關(guān)——一這是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)評論家很少考慮的因素。

　　47.還不到四十歲，西爾弗伯格就已出版了一百多本書籍，而他對真正散文的質(zhì)量與應(yīng)時(shí)之作的質(zhì)量之間的關(guān)系十分坦誠，毫無掩飾。

　　48.在他雙親的敦促下，他報(bào)考了哥倫比亞大學(xué)，所以即便最糟他也能進(jìn)入新聞學(xué)校，“將來總可以有一份穩(wěn)定的好工作。”

　　49.到大四結(jié)束的時(shí)候，他每星期寫科幻小說已經(jīng)可以賺兩百美元了，而他的雙親也接受了他對于文學(xué)生涯的追求。

　　50.我知道我寫不出作為讀者的我所喜歡的東西，就像喬伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么關(guān)注我所寫的東西。

　　總體分析

　　本文介紹了科幻小說家羅伯特·西爾弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小說的繁榮與市場需求關(guān)系緊密，接著通過介紹多產(chǎn)的科幻小說家西爾弗伯格的創(chuàng)作經(jīng)歷予以說明。

　　本文考查的知識點(diǎn)：后置定語、插入語、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、同位語、上下文中詞義的選擇，等。

　　試題精解

　　46.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：比較結(jié)構(gòu)、同位語的翻譯。

　　該句的主干是this may have less to do with... than with...，其中含有一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)less... than...，可譯為“與其說…不如說…”。破折號后是名詞短語a factor that... 做整個(gè)主句的同位語，其中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語。由于是同位語，可單獨(dú)譯為一個(gè)句子，補(bǔ)譯“這”為它的主語。

　　詞匯：luring是lure的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，可譯為“具有誘惑力的”;factor意為“因素”;take into account意為“考慮”。

　　47.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：詞義的選擇。

　　該句是and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，其主干是Silverberg has published... , and he is frank about...。

　　詞匯：in one’s thirties意為“在(某人)三十幾歲時(shí)”，由于本句中有l(wèi)ate修飾，如果直譯為“三十幾歲晚期”不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，應(yīng)意譯為“不到四十歲”。disarmingly意為“使人消除敵意(或懷疑、怒氣等)的”，與frank一起應(yīng)譯為“十分坦誠、直言不諱”。genuine意為“真正的;坦率的，真誠的”。available意為“可獲得的，可找到的”，outlet意為“(思想、感情、精力發(fā)泄的)出路，表現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)”，available outlet不能直譯，而應(yīng)根據(jù)上文對應(yīng)的genuine prose(真正的散文)意譯為“應(yīng)時(shí)之作”。

　　48.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：順譯法。

　　該句是主從復(fù)合句，其主干是he enrolled... so that... he could go to...，翻譯時(shí)可采用順譯的方法，保持原來句子的順序。句首介詞短語At his parents’ urging作狀語。so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其中插入語if worst came to worst做條件狀語，應(yīng)意譯為“在最糟糕的情況下”。

　　詞匯：urging為urge的動(dòng)名詞形式，譯為“敦促”;

　　49.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：順譯法和分詞的翻譯。

　　該句是and連接的并列句，其主干是he was earning... and his parents were...，可采用順譯的方法翻譯。前一分句中，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)writing science fiction作方式狀語，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)置于謂語前面，譯為“(通過)寫科幻小說”。

　　詞匯：be reconciled to意為“將就，妥協(xié)，接受”。

　　50.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：插入語、后置定語的翻譯

　　該句是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，其主干是I knew... so I detached...。主從句之間是插入語，列舉了幾個(gè)作家的名字，根據(jù)上下文，這些名字實(shí)際上指代的是作家的作品，應(yīng)補(bǔ)譯為“喬伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品”。I knew后是省略了關(guān)系代詞的賓語從句I could not write...，其中賓語the kind of things后又接有一個(gè)定語從句I admired as...，由于定語不長，可直接譯為漢語的前置定語。

　　詞匯：detach oneself from sth.意為“掙脫，擺脫，離開”，文中應(yīng)意譯為“不關(guān)注我寫的東西”。

　　全文翻譯

　　毫無疑問，近些年在文體和主題上科幻小說作者已經(jīng)變得更加雄心勃勃了。但是這一點(diǎn)與其說是與學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境具有誘惑力的召喚有關(guān)，還不如說是與變化的市場狀況有關(guān)——一這是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)評論家很少考慮的因素。前美國科幻小說家協(xié)會(huì)主席羅伯特·西爾弗伯格是在一個(gè)以寫作為生計(jì)的作家為主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域中最多產(chǎn)的作家之一。(不像推理作家或西部文學(xué)作家，大部分科幻小說作家都不能指望從電影的熱銷或相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的銷售中牟利。)還不到四十歲，西爾弗伯格就已出版了一百多本書籍，而他對真正散文的質(zhì)量與應(yīng)時(shí)之作的質(zhì)量之間的關(guān)系十分坦誠，毫無掩飾。按照他自己的說法，“他是來自布魯克林一個(gè)令人討厭的舞文弄墨的年輕人”，他十歲的時(shí)候看了第一本科幻小說，十三歲時(shí)開始認(rèn)真地寫作，到了十七歲由于對不能進(jìn)入庸俗雜志領(lǐng)域的絕望而差點(diǎn)放棄寫作。在他雙親的敦促下，他報(bào)考了哥倫比亞大學(xué)，所以即便最糟他也能進(jìn)入新聞學(xué)校，“將來總可以有一份穩(wěn)定的好工作�！贝蠖�時(shí)，他將他的第一個(gè)科幻故事賣給了一家叫《星云》的蘇格蘭科幻雜志。到大三結(jié)束時(shí)，他賣掉了一本小說和二十多個(gè)故事。到大四結(jié)束的時(shí)候，他每星期寫科幻小說已經(jīng)可以賺兩百美元了，而他的雙親也接受了他對于文學(xué)生涯的追求�！昂芸煳易兊梅浅�憤世嫉俗�！彼�說，我先是什么也賣不出，然后什么都賣得出。市場使我不好的性格展現(xiàn)出來。一個(gè)下三濫雜志的編輯會(huì)打電話告訴我他下一期雜志中缺一萬字的文稿，于是我為了150美元的稿酬連夜趕稿。我發(fā)現(xiàn)改寫后沒有什么不一樣。我知道我寫不出作為讀者的我所喜歡的東西，就像喬伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么關(guān)注我所寫的東西。在我的大學(xué)朋友中，我是一個(gè)成功的人，一個(gè)已出版了作品和正在銷售書籍的作者。但他們總是問：“你什么時(shí)候?qū)扅c(diǎn)嚴(yán)肅的作品?”——指的是科幻小說之外的東西——而我總是說，“當(dāng)我經(jīng)濟(jì)上穩(wěn)妥了以后。”

　　Part A

　　51. Directions:

　　You have stayed with your friend’s family for a month. Now you are going back home. Write a message to your friend’s family to��

　　1) express your gratitude.��

　　2) show your appreciation of the good days you’ve had together.��

　　3) say goodbye.��

　　You should write about 100 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sig your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)

　　參考范文

　　I am writing this letter to thank you for the hospitality you gave me during my one-month stay with you.

　　During this period, you managed to make me feel at home with all your consideration and hospitality. Especially, I want to show my gratitude to you for your effort made in adapting to my irregular schedules. I count myself fortunate indeed to have had the opportunity to spend the memorable 30 days with you.

　　Now, I am going back home. I am really reluctant to say good bye to you.

　　With thanks again and best wishes to you.

　　Yours,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B

　　52.Directions:

　　Enormous changes took place in the last two decades of the 20th century, which is revealed in the changes on dinner tables. Here are two pairs of pictures. You are required to

　　1) describe the pictures,

　　2) interpret the pictures, and

　　3) make a comment upon it.

　　You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

　　52.一、 審題謀篇

　　本題為圖畫式作文。四個(gè)圖畫形成了兩組對比，一組是橫向?qū)Ρ龋�即農(nóng)村與城市的對比;一組是縱向?qū)Ρ�，�?0世紀(jì)80年代與2000年以后的對比，因此考生描述圖片時(shí)應(yīng)首先想到使用比較論證手法。從比較中可發(fā)現(xiàn)，農(nóng)村和城市居民的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)在20年中都產(chǎn)生了變化，有意思的是，這種變化是城鄉(xiāng)飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的一種互換�？忌�顯然不能遺漏這個(gè)重要信息，應(yīng)就此進(jìn)行分析和發(fā)揮。

　　再看指導(dǎo)語可知，文章應(yīng)以圖畫展示的內(nèi)容為主題，(一)描述圖畫;(二)闡述圖畫所要表達(dá)的含義;(三)發(fā)表自己的看法。

　　二、參考范文一

　　As is shown in the four pictures, there has been great change in Chinese diet since 1980s. Twenty years ago, people in the village always had corn, steam corn buns, sweet potatoes and vegetables as their main food. The urban people were comparatively rich, so they can afford the expensive dishes of rice, meat, eggs and fish daily. Nowadays it seems, to our surprise, the village people and city residents have exchanged their dinner tables.

　　The phenomenon reflects that people’s diet concept is changing while their living standard is progressing. On the one hand, with the improvement of the villagers’ living standard, the proportion of high-nutrition food, such as eggs and meat, has also increased in their diet. On the other hand, as many modern-day diseases, such as hypertension, high levels of blood lipids, and diabetes, are found to be diet-related disorders, the city dwellers have become more health-conscious, and they prefer the low-protein and high-fiber food to high-fat meals.

　　Of course, we can’t judge hastily which eating habit is better, because only a balanced diet can benefit people’s body. However, it is a pleasure to see more and more Chinese people are pursuing a better life by choosing a varied and balanced diet.