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  Text 3

  31、[答案][B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights。

  [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根據(jù)a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy這一部分的語(yǔ)義信息,說(shuō)明NHS與DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒(méi)有充分考慮到病人的權(quán)利與隱私。這句話的言外之意就是協(xié)議未能充分關(guān)注病人的權(quán)利。故確定答案為選項(xiàng)B,其中failed to是took far too little account的同義改寫。

  32、[答案][C] necessary adjustments。

  [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways。” 根據(jù)第二句的語(yǔ)義信息,NHS trust針對(duì)Denham’s verdict已經(jīng)調(diào)整了其與DeepMind的協(xié)議內(nèi)容,故通過(guò)同義替換,可確定正確答案為C。

  33、[答案][D] the value of data comes from the processing of it。

  [解析]推理題。根據(jù)題干,此題定位在第二段最后一句but之后的轉(zhuǎn)折句!癇ut this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”。 這種區(qū)分忽視了一個(gè)點(diǎn):是處理和收集賦予數(shù)據(jù)意義,而不是擁有數(shù)據(jù)。 選項(xiàng)中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 選項(xiàng)中的“the value of data”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“data value”。因此,D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

  34、[答案][D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants。

  [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干此題定位在文中最后一段的第四句!癢hat matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources!敝匾氖沁@些進(jìn)步屬于一個(gè)私人壟斷企業(yè),而私人壟斷企來(lái)使用公共資源進(jìn)行研發(fā)。而這正真正的擔(dān)憂所在。因此,選項(xiàng)D為正確答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的a private monopoly。

  35、[答案][B] cautious

  [解析]態(tài)度題。本題考查作者對(duì)本文主題“將人工智能應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療健康”的態(tài)度。根據(jù)順序性原則定位在最后一段。該段倒數(shù)第三句話指出“我們目前依然處于這一改革的前期,并且任何小的選擇都會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”,其中“still”一詞,以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)對(duì)比,都體現(xiàn)出了作者對(duì)待整個(gè)事件是小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度,因此[B] cautious為正確答案。

  Text 4

  36、[答案][B] its rigid management

  [解析]根據(jù)題干判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。第一段的前三句都是有關(guān)USPS的具體數(shù)字,屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息。第四句出現(xiàn)many reasons很多原因。緊接著下面就有fundamentally根本原因是, 所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句,USPS 處在squeeze between 1 and 2,中,1是technological change, 2是structure。 2的structure后定語(yǔ)從句:denies management flexibility 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B: rigid management。

  [干擾項(xiàng)分析]:選項(xiàng)A,budget文中未有涉及。 選項(xiàng)C,雖然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是:技術(shù)改革降低需求,并沒(méi)有提到cost成本問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D,the withdrawal of bank support 銀行支持撤銷了,原文并沒(méi)有提及銀行支持,直接排除。

  37、[答案][A] the interference from interest groups

  [解析] 根據(jù)題干due to,判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞:USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句,在這句前l(fā)eaving,留下,導(dǎo)致這個(gè)結(jié)果,往前找原因,前一句提到reform legislation, 而且這句前還有this is why,只要找到代詞this指代就可以判斷選項(xiàng)。代詞往前推,根據(jù)這句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress選擇選項(xiàng)A,interference 對(duì)應(yīng) exert pressure on。

  [干擾項(xiàng)分析]選項(xiàng)B,the inadequate funding from Congress,原文雖然有提到Congress國(guó)會(huì),the aspect of status quo get protected, 國(guó)會(huì)保護(hù)USPS,并沒(méi)有提及inadequate funding基金不足。選項(xiàng)C,the shrinking demand for postal service 郵政需求縮減,文中沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)D, the incompetence of postal unions 郵政工會(huì)的不作為。文章有提到工會(huì),但是只提他們是屬于Interest groups,并沒(méi)有提到無(wú)作為。

  38、[答案][A] removing its burden of retiree health care

  [解析] 因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)38題題干The long-standing complaint by the 。。。;匚亩ㄎ坏降3段,最后一句:“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus。。。! 。再根據(jù)題干中“ can be addressed by” 即:通過(guò)哪種方式解決,此處為解題要點(diǎn),通過(guò)哪種方式來(lái)解決,前后明顯為結(jié)果與途徑的關(guān)系,即可理解為因果關(guān)系。文章此句后半句正是題干,thus前半句為答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。與 A。 B 。 C 。D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配后,正確答案為 A removing its burden of retiree health care。

  39、[答案][C] discontent

  [解析]根據(jù)題干可以判斷本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。回文定位到最后一段。題干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具體定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句:“ The emerging。。。。。is a sign that legislators are getting frightened。。。。。。! 再根據(jù)題干,問(wèn)作者最終態(tài)度,本段最后一句,轉(zhuǎn)折句是作者最終的態(tài)度:“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about。。。! , 即作者認(rèn)為他們并沒(méi)有認(rèn)真對(duì)待。所以此處作者態(tài)度為否定。匹配A B C D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng) 只有C discontent( 不滿)為負(fù)向信息,所以為正確答案。

  40、[答案][D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

  [解析]根據(jù)題干特征詞“best title”,這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)前四道題問(wèn)的主題,第一道題和第二道題是USPS出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題,并分析原因,第三道題給出解決方法,第四道題提到作者對(duì)于這個(gè)方法的態(tài)度,即提出問(wèn)題—分析問(wèn)題—解決問(wèn)題,并在最后給出作者對(duì)這個(gè)解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)這個(gè)文章框架,首先A選項(xiàng)“USPS開(kāi)始錯(cuò)過(guò)了它的好時(shí)光”,這只是提出問(wèn)題,相對(duì)片面;B選項(xiàng)“USPS:不要?jiǎng)游业哪汤摇保?這是拒絕解決問(wèn)題的態(tài)度,不符合文章的寫作思路;C選項(xiàng)“USPS:慢性病需要快方法”,這個(gè)chronic和quick都沒(méi)有在文中提到;D選項(xiàng)“USPS需要的不僅僅是權(quán)宜之計(jì)”,這說(shuō)的其實(shí)作者對(duì)于解決方案的評(píng)價(jià),在文章最后一段。這段最后結(jié)尾有But,有however, “it[指代前文講的方法] is not a sign……”,對(duì)此作者表示否定態(tài)度。所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

  Part B

  41、[答案] [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB) commands a…

  [解析] E段首先介紹EEOB的全稱,對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述提出話題,可選為41題答案。同時(shí),從給定選項(xiàng)C第一句提到the State, War,and Navy Building…,the在此特指,可以作為另一一個(gè)線索,在E選項(xiàng)中最后一句,復(fù)現(xiàn)了the State, War,and Navy Building。。。。故41題答案選E。

  42、[答案][G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

  [解析]C選項(xiàng)最后一句談到了many historic events(建筑內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)了歷史事件),而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的歷史。。。),意思一致,承上啟下,故42題答案選G。

  43、[答案][A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed…

  [解析]確定G后,根據(jù)G選項(xiàng)最后一句,。。。the demolition of the State Department Building(談到拆除the State Department Building), 而A選項(xiàng)中談到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department,建立一個(gè)新的State Department Building,前后意思順接,故43題答案選A。

  44、[答案][B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing…

  [解析] 根據(jù)給定的F段,首句是段落大意,該句提到了。。。as the building slowly rose wing by wing(該建筑逐翼展開(kāi))。 而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)第一句談到了。。。south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼),然后在B選項(xiàng)最后一句又談到。。。moved into the east wing(之后又移至東翼)。 先在F段總起,再在B段中分說(shuō),前后對(duì)應(yīng),故44題答案選B。

  45、[答案][D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

  [解析] B段結(jié)尾處談到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(這些精美的墻。。。。裝飾了秘書處的辦公室),而D段第一句提到了。。。that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(歷史事件在這些EEOB的墻上呈現(xiàn)), the wall原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),兩句話意思一致,故45題答案選D。

  Section III Translation

  (46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy。

  [題目考點(diǎn)]代詞還原;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

  [句子結(jié)構(gòu)]and并列兩個(gè)句子,主干分別為:…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama為定語(yǔ)修飾the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy為狀語(yǔ)

  [重點(diǎn)詞匯]witness 見(jiàn)證 religious宗教的 drama戲劇 incentive刺激

  [參考譯文]莎士比亞出生之時(shí),歐洲宗教戲劇正在消逝,在古典悲劇和戲劇的推動(dòng)下,很多新的戲劇形式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。

  (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England。

  [題目考點(diǎn)]定語(yǔ)從句;賓語(yǔ)從句;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

  [句子結(jié)構(gòu)]主句主干:no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾boy, that引導(dǎo)為形容詞ignorant的賓語(yǔ)從句,which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a form of literature, gave…and might bring honor…為先行詞a form of literature的并列謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

  [重點(diǎn)詞匯]grammar school 文法學(xué)校 ignorant忽視 literature文學(xué) glory 榮耀

  [參考譯文]任何文法學(xué)校的學(xué)生都知道戲劇是一種文學(xué)形式,它曾給希臘和羅馬帶來(lái)榮耀,也許同樣會(huì)給英格蘭帶來(lái)殊榮。

  (48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood。

  [題目考點(diǎn)]并列句

  [句子結(jié)構(gòu)]并列句主干分別為:…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

  [重點(diǎn)詞匯]professional 專業(yè)的 prosper繁榮 permanent theater永久性劇院

  [參考譯文]但是專業(yè)公司的永久性劇院卻興旺起來(lái),于是高校一些有著文學(xué)抱負(fù)的人迅速抓住機(jī)遇,將其作為一個(gè)謀生手段。

  (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun。

  [題目考點(diǎn)]伴隨狀語(yǔ),并列結(jié)構(gòu),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

  [句子結(jié)構(gòu)]本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。and前的句子主干為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句:a … drama had been created, with引導(dǎo)一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ);and后的句子也為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句:some of its great traditions had been begun。

  [重點(diǎn)詞匯]alliance作為名詞意為“聯(lián)盟,聯(lián)合;聯(lián)姻”,常與介詞with進(jìn)行搭配使用。establish作為動(dòng)詞意為“建立,創(chuàng)辦”,也可引申為“誕生”。at least為固定搭配,表示“至少”。tradition作為名詞表示“傳統(tǒng),慣例”。

  [參考譯文]一種本土文學(xué)戲劇形式誕生了,它與公共劇院結(jié)成聯(lián)盟,至少它的一些優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)始登上歷史舞臺(tái)了。

  (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived。

  [題目考點(diǎn)]非謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句

  [句子結(jié)構(gòu)]本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,主句部分為“we must remember…”,主句之前的非謂語(yǔ)to realize作為目的狀語(yǔ),后接了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。主句中,兩個(gè)that分別引導(dǎo)了兩個(gè)remember的賓語(yǔ)從句,其中第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中,有一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾author of note。

  [重點(diǎn)詞匯]realize作為動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn),了解,認(rèn)識(shí)到”。dramatic為drama的形容詞形式,意思為“戲劇的,引人注目的,激動(dòng)人心的”。survive作為動(dòng)詞表示“幸存,活下來(lái);比…活得長(zhǎng)”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

  [參考譯文]為了了解戲劇性活動(dòng)有多么偉大,我們必須牢記大量的戲劇已經(jīng)被遺忘了,并且有可能沒(méi)有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下來(lái)。

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