2007年考研英語閱讀新題型(匹配題)真題及解析

　　Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41—45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　[A]Set a Good Example for Your Kids

　　[B]Build You Kids’ Work Skills

　　[C]Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

　　[D]Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

　　[E]Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

　　[F]Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are

　　[G]Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility

　　How Can a Parent Help?

　　Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness”:

　　41

　　You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.

　　42

　　Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.

　　43

　　Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.

　　44

　　Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with caned laughter only teaches kids to process information is passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.

　　45

　　They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these thins and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.

　　What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults, must feel they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.

　　答案詳解

　　41.【解析】[F] 本題后面的這段話談到家長們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助孩子認(rèn)識自我，從而讓孩子在未來職業(yè)選擇中揚(yáng)長避短。這一段表達(dá)的核心思想體現(xiàn)在兩個動詞中，第一個是下面這句話中的review：Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating(要定期幫助孩子發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)缺點，對于任何缺點，例如在交際和合作上的困難，要幫助他們改正)。第二個是identify，出現(xiàn)在下面的句子中：Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best(同時，要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們的興趣所在，因為這些興趣以后可能會演變成最適合他們的職業(yè))。對比選項，選項[F] Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are的意思是“幫助孩子正確認(rèn)識自我”，從語義上來看，兩者是一致的。其次，從措辭上來看，選項中的figure out(查明)和文種的review以及identify是同義詞，因此可以確定選項[F]是正確答案。

　　42.【解析】[D] 這段話談到榜樣的力量是無窮的(role models)，而最好的榜樣是自己身邊熟悉的人。父母親經(jīng)常在餐桌上談?wù)勈烊说某砷L歷程，分享自己工作中的成敗得失，可以鼓勵孩子對自己的未來早作打算。孩子可以今天想干這個，明天想干那個，但不能不知道自己未來想做什么。

　　在做這道試題時，很容易在看到role models后，匆忙選擇選項[A] Set a Good Example for Your Kids。認(rèn)為既然good example是role models的同義詞，那么這個選項一定是正確答案。這種做題的方式太狹隘，也正是出題人設(shè)置虛假選項的一個手段。既然選項都是概括句，那么段落中的支持句必然是為其服務(wù)的，兩者在語義上應(yīng)當(dāng)是一致和統(tǒng)一的。如果選項[A]是正確答案，那么段落中的支持句一定是父母如何去做才能為孩子樹立榜樣，而后文論述的內(nèi)容卻不能和論點形成統(tǒng)一，因此選項[A]是錯誤的。

　　從這個段落后文的內(nèi)容來看，后文中出現(xiàn)了regular…discussion…future等關(guān)鍵詞，同時，從這段話的語義來看，正好對應(yīng)選項[D]中的talk about the future on a regular basis(經(jīng)常談?wù)撍麄兊奈磥?，因此是正確答案。

　　43. 【解析】[B]本題最具有迷惑性的選項是[G]Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility (樹立孩子的責(zé)任感)，因為選項中的關(guān)鍵詞responsibility在段落的第一句話中以不同的形式出現(xiàn)了兩次：Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work(教師有責(zé)任教會學(xué)生如何學(xué)習(xí)，父母應(yīng)該教會他們?nèi)绾喂ぷ?。但從文章中這句話的語義來看，這句話側(cè)重的是教師和父母的責(zé)任，而沒有涉及到孩子的責(zé)任。同時從下文中也沒有找到關(guān)于如何樹立孩子責(zé)任心的任何論述，因此這個選項是迷惑選項，并非正確答案。

　　從本段談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容來看，本段談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容主要是work和job，這兩個單詞在文中都有復(fù)現(xiàn)。對比選項可以確定選項[B] Build You Kids’ Work Skills(幫助孩子學(xué)會工作技能)是正確答案。從措辭的角度來看，文中的teaching them how to work…skills等詞，與選項B中build…work skills吻合。

　　44.【解析】[C] 本段的前兩句話作者舉了兩個例子來說明有些娛樂活動的負(fù)面作用：Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with caned laughter only teaches kids to process information is passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. 后面的句子是本段要說明的主旨：All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs(這些活動會妨礙孩子交際技能和思維技能的開發(fā)，而且這些活動使得孩子們很難集中精力，而這正是大部分工作所需要的)。從上面的分析可知，本段主要在講娛樂活動的危害。對比選項，選項[C]Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities(限制孩子們在娛樂活動上的時間)和上面我們分析的內(nèi)容存在一致性，文中的all these activities指上文中的video games(打電游)和 watching TV(看電視)，和選項[C]中的leisure activities(娛樂活動)是上下義包容的關(guān)系。因此選項[C]是正確答案。

　　45.【解析】[E] 本段話開門見山地指出They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy(孩子們應(yīng)該學(xué)會如何面對逆境、壓力和自卑感)。后文中的敘述和前面一句話的語義是相同的：They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically(他們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會如何解決問題和沖突，如何進(jìn)行發(fā)散性思維以及如何思考縝密)。從這兩句話來看，他們表達(dá)的語義都是在教孩子們?nèi)绾稳ソ鉀Q問題。對比選項，選項[E]Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies(幫助孩子們開發(fā)解決問題的策略)是正確答案。從措辭上看，文中的deal with以及solve, resolve和選項中的coping是近義詞。