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　　Part C

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese。 Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)

　　Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama。 By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama， and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy。 These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs， but in England， as everywhere else in western Europe， the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular， whether it should be new or old， classical or medieval， literary or farcical。 Court， school organizations of amateurs， and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England。

　　When Shakespeare was twelve years old， the first public playhouse was built in London。 For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage。 Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court， or for the choir boys of St。 Paul’s and the royal chapel， who， however， gave plays in public as well as at court。(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters， and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood。 By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five， Lyly， Peele， and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides。 (49)A native literary drama had been created， its alliance with the public playhouses established， and at least some of its great traditions had been begun。

　　The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history， for in this brief period we may trace the beginning， growth， blossoming， and decay of many kinds of plays， and of many great careers。 We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced， as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants。 (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity， we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost， and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived。

　　Section III Translation

　　(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama， and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy。

　　[題目考點(diǎn)]代詞還原;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

　　[句子結(jié)構(gòu)]and并列兩個(gè)句子，主干分別為：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama為定語(yǔ)修飾the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy為狀語(yǔ)

　　[重點(diǎn)詞匯]witness 見(jiàn)證 religious宗教的 drama戲劇 incentive刺激

　　[參考譯文]莎士比亞出生之時(shí)，歐洲宗教戲劇正在消逝，在古典悲劇和戲劇的推動(dòng)下，很多新的戲劇形式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。

　　(47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England。

　　[題目考點(diǎn)]定語(yǔ)從句;賓語(yǔ)從句;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

　　[句子結(jié)構(gòu)]主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾boy， that引導(dǎo)為形容詞ignorant的賓語(yǔ)從句，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a form of literature， gave…and might bring honor…為先行詞a form of literature的并列謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　[重點(diǎn)詞匯]grammar school 文法學(xué)校 ignorant忽視 literature文學(xué) glory 榮耀

　　[參考譯文]任何文法學(xué)校的學(xué)生都知道戲劇是一種文學(xué)形式，它曾給希臘和羅馬帶來(lái)榮耀，也許同樣會(huì)給英格蘭帶來(lái)殊榮。

　　(48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters， and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood。

　　[題目考點(diǎn)]并列句

　　[句子結(jié)構(gòu)]并列句主干分別為：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

　　[重點(diǎn)詞匯]professional 專業(yè)的 prosper繁榮 permanent theater永久性劇院

　　[參考譯文]但是專業(yè)公司的永久性劇院卻興旺起來(lái)，于是高校一些有著文學(xué)抱負(fù)的人迅速抓住機(jī)遇，將其作為一個(gè)謀生手段。

　　(49) A native literary drama had been created， its alliance with the public playhouses established， and at least some of its great traditions had been begun。

　　[題目考點(diǎn)]伴隨狀語(yǔ)，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　[句子結(jié)構(gòu)]本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。and前的句子主干為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：a … drama had been created， with引導(dǎo)一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ);and后的句子也為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

　　[重點(diǎn)詞匯]alliance作為名詞意為“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合;聯(lián)姻”，常與介詞with進(jìn)行搭配使用。establish作為動(dòng)詞意為“建立，創(chuàng)辦”，也可引申為“誕生”。at least為固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作為名詞表示“傳統(tǒng)，慣例”。

　　[參考譯文]一種本土文學(xué)戲劇形式誕生了，它與公共劇院結(jié)成聯(lián)盟，至少它的一些優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)始登上歷史舞臺(tái)了。

　　(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity， we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost， and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived。

　　[題目考點(diǎn)]非謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句

　　[句子結(jié)構(gòu)]本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句部分為“we must remember…”，主句之前的非謂語(yǔ)to realize作為目的狀語(yǔ)，后接了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。主句中，兩個(gè)that分別引導(dǎo)了兩個(gè)remember的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中，有一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾author of note。

　　[重點(diǎn)詞匯]realize作為動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)，了解，認(rèn)識(shí)到”。dramatic為drama的形容詞形式，意思為“戲劇的，引人注目的，激動(dòng)人心的”。survive作為動(dòng)詞表示“幸存，活下來(lái);比…活得長(zhǎng)”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

　　[參考譯文]為了了解戲劇性活動(dòng)有多么偉大，我們必須牢記大量的戲劇已經(jīng)被遺忘了，并且有可能沒(méi)有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下來(lái)。

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