To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of "deep work"—the ability to focus without distraction.

　　There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

　　Newport also recommends "deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time." At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting", he writes.

　　Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

　　While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

　　In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests," be lazy."

　　"Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done," he argues.

　　Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

　　"What people don't realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain". Says Pillay.

　　36.【題干】The key to mastering the art of deep work is to _____.

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.seize every minute to work

　　B.list your immediate tasks

　　C.make specific daily plans

　　D.keep to your focus time

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。該句指出“有很多種掌握深度工作的方法-不論是專注于指定工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的后退，或者養(yǎng)成慣例，還是當(dāng)你一天有閑暇之余采用紀(jì)實(shí)的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬間”。接著提到“不論是那種方式，關(guān)鍵在于確定你的專注力時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度并保持專注”。由此可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。下載考研萬題庫 觀看逐題權(quán)威視頻解析

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　　37.【題干】The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that _____.

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

　　B.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected

　　C.distractions may actually increase efficiency

　　D.daily schedules are indispensable to studying

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】例證題。根據(jù)題干時(shí)間信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段與第五段。第四段首句指出另一種短時(shí)間做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能優(yōu)先處理好你的一天-特別是制作我們待辦事項(xiàng)的方法。接著作者舉例大學(xué)生們分成小組每天做各種詳細(xì)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。第五段首句用while畫風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)，表示這種復(fù)雜的任務(wù)讓學(xué)生們感到消極，并表示工作中難免會(huì)分散注意力，這將影響日常待辦事項(xiàng)的效率�？芍�，作者用反面例子來論證觀點(diǎn)，即復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃可能沒有像期望的那樣有效果。故選B項(xiàng)。下載考研萬題庫 觀看逐題權(quán)威視頻解析

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　　38.【題干】According to Newport, idleness is _____.

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.a desirable mental state for busy people

　　B.a major contributor to physical health

　　C.an effective way to save time and energy

　　D.an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】根據(jù)題目Newport得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干中的idleness可定位到倒數(shù)第三段，idleness is not，讀到這里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，可直接選出[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.下載考研萬題庫 觀看逐題權(quán)威視頻解析

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　　39.【題干】Pillay believes that our brains' shift between being focused and unfocused_____.

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.can bring about greater efficiency

　　B.can result in psychological well-being

　　C.is driven by task urgency

　　D.is aimed at better balance in work

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】根據(jù)題目中的Pillay believes 可得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題型。根據(jù)題目中的信息，可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，明確指出they tend to be more efficient。然后對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)得出[A]can bring about greater efficiency。下載考研萬題庫 觀看逐題權(quán)威視頻解析

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　　40.【題干】This text is mainly about_____.

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.approaches to getting more done in less time

　　B.Ways to relieve the tension of busy life

　　C.The key to eliminating distractions

　　D.The cause of the lack of focus time

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】根據(jù)題目的mainly about可知為文章主旨題，首先可以通過題目的復(fù)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容找與文章主旨有關(guān)的詞匯，題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了focus內(nèi)容，可判斷與人們的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在開篇第一段或第二段會(huì)出現(xiàn)，第一段引用Cal Newport的觀點(diǎn)指出focus without distraction話題，第二段就提到了主題approaches to mastering thd art of deep work，此刻主題已明確，并且第四段有明顯的證明another approach。所以本題選[A]approaches to getting more done in less time。下載考研萬題庫 觀看逐題權(quán)威視頻解析

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