lesson 12 　代詞(五)

　　內 容 提 要

　　代詞分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞和連接代詞，它們在句子中承擔不同的功用。

　　關 系 代 詞

　　關系代詞有who， whom， whose， that， which，as.它們用來引導定語從句。它們既代表所修飾詞，又在從句中擔任一定的成分。

　　一、who和whom代表人，who在從句作主語而whom在從句中作(動詞或介詞的)賓語

　　1) Human beings are social [A] animals whom [B] usually prefer not to live in physical [C] or psychological isolation [D] .

　　二、whose表示“某人的”，在從句中作定語

　　2) There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck out of open mouth the tea was supposed to come.

　　[A] which [B] its[C] that[D] whose

　　三、that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物或前邊整個句子所表述的情況;that在從句中作主語、賓語和表語;which在從句中作主語或賓語

　　3) The first doll say “mama” was invented in 1830.

　　[A] that it could [B] could [C] it could [D] that could

　　四、代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all， anything， much等

　　4) Probably he had come down in the world and this sampling was all was left him from the time when he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding.

　　[A] what[B] that[C] which[D] who

　　5) Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago， there is much we can learn from him today.

　　[A] as[B] when[C] who[D] that

　　五、在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who， whom代表人，用which代表事物

　　6) After a while I recognized him as “Big Jim，” used to sit behind me in maths class in high school.

　　[A] which[B] who[C] he[D] that

　　7) I have often wondered whether some people， had no intention of making a purchase， would take advantage of this privilege of having a sample puddings without buying them.

　　[A] whom[B] who[C] which[D] what

　　8) This means we shall have to carry our own water， will add even greater weight to the saucer.“

　　[A] that[B] although[C] why[D] which

　　六、which引導非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分，而不是一個名詞

　　9) One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English-speaking country， amounts to washing one's hands of English complex structures.

　　[A] whom[B] which[C] when[D] that

　　七、在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當于in which， at which， for which或at which

　　Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態(tài)度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。

　　I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislikes it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反。

　　We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。

　　八、有時as也可用作關系代詞

　　Sam set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory but， as we find out later in this unit， his turned out not quite as he had expected.

　　九、例題解析

　　1) B錯。改為who.2) D為正確答案。3) D為正確答案。4) B為正確答案。5) D為正確答案。

　　6) B為正確答案。7) B為正確答案。8) D為正確答案。9) B為正確答案。

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