2010年成考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 時(shí)態(tài)及非謂語動(dòng)詞

　　時(shí)態(tài)

　　1.時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)

　　When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately

　　典型例題

　　(1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.

　　A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeed

　　C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.

　　答案B. 在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)。本題有He said，故為過去式。主句用將來時(shí)，故選B. 此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)。

　　2.表示 "意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。

　　常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

　　I'm leaving tomorrow.

　　Are you staying here till next week?

　　2010成考：英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語動(dòng)詞

　　非謂語動(dòng)詞

　　1.感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel等

　　+ do表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性;

　　+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性

　　2. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：

　　1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。

　　2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。

　　3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。

　　舉例：

　　The test finished, we began our holiday.

　　= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

　　考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。

　　Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

　　如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。

　　This done, we went home.

　　工作完成后，我們才回家。

　　He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

　　他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館

　　該結(jié)構(gòu)否定式：在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加直接Not (考的這可是內(nèi)部教材上的原題!)

　　2009年專升本考試原題

　　20. ________finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.

　　A. Having not been B. Being not

　　C. Not having D. Having not