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26.alter,change
作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),兩者可通用。
作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),alter是對局部,表面的改變,而change則是對本質(zhì)的,全面的,徹底的改變。如:Can you alter the dress?(你會(huì)改做這件衣服嗎?)Can you change the dress?(你能給我更換這件衣服嗎?)
27.altogether,all together
altogether總計(jì),總共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我們總計(jì)六人。)
all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我們大家都一起來玩游戲吧。)
28.amaze,astonish,surprise
都可作及物動(dòng)詞,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主語,人稱作賓語。
amaze強(qiáng)調(diào)"使驚訝",有時(shí)還有"驚嘆","佩服"等意。
astonish表示"使大吃一驚","幾乎使人無法相信"之意。
surprise只表"出乎意料之外".
29.among,between
among 在……中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.
between在兩者之間。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.
30.announce,declare
announce指宣布公眾期望或與公眾有關(guān)的事情,含有預(yù)告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布將償還債務(wù)。)
declare指正式負(fù)責(zé)地宣布,聲明,通常用于莊重的場合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)
31.annoy,bother,trouble,disturb
annoy指外界的干擾令人討厭或無法忍受,或指某人故意去妨礙別人。
bother打擾,麻煩,指給人行動(dòng)帶來不便或身心上帶來痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?
disturb打擾,擾亂,指使正常秩序或一時(shí)的安定受到破壞,精力一時(shí)不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.
32.answer,reply,respond
用作動(dòng)詞,都可表"回答","答復(fù)".
answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問題),doorbell(開門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等。
reply較正式,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問題。)
respond作"回答"解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了問題。)
另外,respond還可表"對……反應(yīng)","響應(yīng)".
33. appreciate,enjoy
appreciate指對事物有深刻的理解能力并能鑒賞。
enjoy是一般用語,僅指感官或智力上的滿足,"享受"的意味較強(qiáng)。
34. approve,prove
approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don't approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)
(2)批準(zhǔn),通過。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長批準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。
prove和approve詞形相似,prove是"證明","表明是"等。
35. argue,debate,dispute
argue著重"說理","論證","企圖說明",且后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。
debate著重雙方各自陳述理由,尤其是"公開地"、"正式地"辯論。如:The subject was hotly debated.
dispute著重就分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的"爭論",含有"相持不下"或"未得到解決"的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.
36. arise,rise,raise
arise表無形的東西(如困難,問題等)"出現(xiàn)","發(fā)生".
rise指具體事物的"上升","升起",也是不及物動(dòng)詞。如:The sun rises in the east.(太陽從東邊升起。)
raise為及物動(dòng)詞,"使……上升","舉起"等。如:He raised his hand.(他舉了手。)
37. assure,ensure,insure
assure以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生,后需連用人稱代詞或指人的名詞作賓語。
ensure表普通的"保證".
insure表"保險(xiǎn)",有時(shí)同ensure可以換用。
38. awake,wake,waken
都可作動(dòng)詞。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指"睡醒",多為不及物動(dòng)詞。
waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞,常指"吵醒","驚醒".
39. await,wait
await是及物動(dòng)詞。如:I await your further instructions.
wait"等"、"等候",是不及物動(dòng)詞,后常接介詞for.如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
40. award,prize,reward
award,reward作動(dòng)詞。award意為"授予(獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金等)",后面可跟雙賓語;reward意為"報(bào)酬","酬謝",只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語。
award,prize,reward作名詞時(shí),award常指獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)品;prize多指在競賽、競爭中獲勝所贏得的獎(jiǎng);reward則指為某項(xiàng)勞動(dòng)或行為所付的酬金。
41. base,basis
base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具體事物。
basis多用于比喻,主要指命題的基礎(chǔ)。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意見缺乏現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。)
42. beat,win
beat表在比賽和戰(zhàn)斗中打敗對手,后接對手作賓語。
Win作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其賓語為游戲、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)金等名詞。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。)
43. beneath,below,under
beneath表示同表面接觸,與on 相對。Below表示"在下面,低于",與above相對。
under表示"在……正下方"與over相對。
44. beside,besides
beside在……旁邊。如:Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
45. big,great,large
big強(qiáng)調(diào)體積,質(zhì)量,容量和重量大。如:a big box.Big也有抽象意義,指重大的事件或行為。如:a big mistake
great帶感情色彩,多指程度和質(zhì)量,指具體事物或人時(shí),表"突出","引人注目".如:a great man
large多指面積,數(shù)目或數(shù)量大。如:a large population,a large number等。
46. bloom,blossom
bloom多指供觀賞植物的開花。如:The roses are blooming.
blossom多指果樹等植物的開花。如:The apple trees are blossoming.
47. borrow,lend
borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?
lend把……借給。如:Can you lend me your bike?
48. bring,take
bring帶來。如:Bring me some water,please.
take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her?
49. calculate,compute,estimate
calculate通常指用數(shù)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行比較復(fù)雜,難度較大的精確計(jì)算。如:You can't expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy.
compute常指比較簡單的運(yùn)算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.
estimate估計(jì),常指對數(shù)量、成本等事先進(jìn)行判斷或估計(jì)。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year's rainfall.
50. cheat,deceive,trick
cheat欺騙,常用詞,主要指為了自己的利益欺騙人。
deceive表示隱瞞真相或以假相騙人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying.
trick哄騙,表示耍手段進(jìn)行欺騙,強(qiáng)調(diào)在行騙時(shí)使用計(jì)策,有時(shí)也指并非出于惡意的欺騙。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.
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