點(diǎn)擊查看：2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀100篇
Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.
In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group,without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group beingstudied. If. however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion,they want to include questions that reflet concepts familiar to all cultures involved.
How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach,the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether theinformation obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study. the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families. Black American families, Spanish American families. andAsian American families. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a, support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would theetic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.
1. According to the First paragraph.researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to________________.
A) be overcautious in constructing meaningful measures
B) view them from their own cultural perspective
C) guard against interference from their own culture
D) accept readily what is alien to their own culture
2. What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach'?
A) They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.
B) The former is biased while the latter is objective.
C) The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.
D) They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.
3. Compared with the etic approach the emic approach is apparently more______________.
A) culturally interactive
B) culture-oriented
C) culturally biased
D) culture-specific
4. The etic approach is concerned with________________.
A) the general characteristics of minority families
B) culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups
C) features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups
D) the economic conditions of different types of families
5. Which of the following js true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. according to the passage'?
A) Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.
B) Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.
C) They don't interact with each other so much as White families.
D) They have closer family ties than White families.
答案：
1.根據(jù)第一段可知，不熟悉目標(biāo)文化的研究者容易____________。
A) 在構(gòu)建有意義的方法時(shí)過(guò)于謹(jǐn)慎
B) 從他們自己文化的角度來(lái)看待目標(biāo)文化
C)去防止自己的文化對(duì)研究造成干擾
D)接受跟自己的文化很不同的文化
[B]在文章的開(kāi)篇作者就指出“不熟悉他們所研究的文化和民族的研究者必須非常謹(jǐn)慎.以避免受本民族文化所帶來(lái)的任何偏見(jiàn)”，也就是說(shuō)他們必須特別警惕受到本民族文化的干擾。因此可以推斷出，這些研究者極易受自身文化所帶來(lái)的偏見(jiàn)的影響，須特別謹(jǐn)慎才能避免，故選B。注意C說(shuō)他們傾向于警惕自己的文化偏見(jiàn)，正與原文含義相反。
2.關(guān)于主位研究方法和客位研究方法，作者是這樣說(shuō)的_____________________。
A) 在研究民族事宜的時(shí)候，他們的研究重點(diǎn)是不一樣的。
B) 前者是有偏見(jiàn)的，后者是客觀的。
C) 前者著眼于文化研究，后者關(guān)注家庭事宜。
D) 在進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究的時(shí)候，兩者都高度依賴(lài)于問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。
[A]文章第2段第2、3句提到“emic approach描述一種文化或民族的行為，該行為只對(duì)該文化或民族的人們意義重大;而etic approach描述的則是對(duì)各種文化都能起作用的具有普遍意義的行為”由此可推斷這兩種方法有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此A正確。
3.相較于客位研究法，主位研究顯然更加________________。
A) 具有文化互動(dòng)性
B)以文化為導(dǎo)向
C) 具有文化偏見(jiàn)
D)關(guān)注于文化
[D]由文章第2段第3句可知，主位研究更針對(duì)某個(gè)具體文化，答案為D。
4.客位研究方法關(guān)注于_______________。
A) 少數(shù)族裔家庭的一般性特點(diǎn)
B)各個(gè)民族群體的與文化相關(guān)的理念
C) 不同文化和族裔共同的特點(diǎn)
D)不同類(lèi)型家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況
[C]文章第2段第3句提到“etic approach描述的是對(duì)各種文化都能起作用的具有普遍意義的行為”，所以研究的是共性，選C。
5.根據(jù)文章所說(shuō)，以下關(guān)于美國(guó)的少數(shù)民族族裔家庭的哪一種說(shuō)法是正確的?
A) 他們的文化模式通常更加具有適應(yīng)性。
B) 他們的文化理念很難為人所理解。
C) 他們不像白人家庭那樣喜歡與別人互動(dòng)。
D) 他們的家庭紐帶比白人家庭要緊密。
[D]文章末段倒數(shù)第二句提到“研究者可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與白人家庭相比，少數(shù)民族家庭中的大家庭常常是一種相互支撐力量”，由此可得出，D正確。
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