最新六級(jí)閱讀試題分析

閱讀理解（reading comprehension）是大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試中分值最高也是考生最感頭痛的部分，其成績的高低對(duì)考生能否順利通過六級(jí)至關(guān)重要。筆者擬對(duì)最新六級(jí)考試（2003年12月舉行，以下簡稱本次考試）閱讀理解試題做一下分析，有助于讀者在新一輪的考試中取得好成績。

變化趨勢

題材生僻

　　相對(duì)于往年的選材，這次考試的題材較為生僻，大部分考生可能只對(duì)閱讀的第一篇“維生素對(duì)人體的作用”有一些背景知識(shí)。這就要求考生平時(shí)多接觸不同題材的文章了解各方面知識(shí)，如相關(guān)科普知識(shí)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、生活和社會(huì)文化等。本次考試的passage one 是一篇關(guān)于維生素對(duì)人類健康作用的文章，從結(jié)構(gòu)上分析是典型的新老觀點(diǎn)型文章。文章一開始提出一種老觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為服用的維生素人體難吸收，對(duì)人類健康無益。然后作者給出新看法，也就是服用適量的維生素是有益的，而整篇文章也就圍繞這一新看法展開。Passage two 探討了婦女工作對(duì)婚姻和家庭的影響。文章也是給出了兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)，但是作者并沒有簡單地肯定或否定某一方的觀點(diǎn)，而是認(rèn)為雙方都有可取之處，這是一種復(fù)雜的態(tài)度。這在以往的六級(jí)試題中是少見的，在筆者的記憶中這種復(fù)雜態(tài)度的文章只在1999年1月份的六級(jí)試題（passage one）中出現(xiàn)過。值得注意的是，在國外的一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試（如 GRE 等）這一類的文章是很常見的。這在一定程度反映了六級(jí)閱讀今后的發(fā)展趨勢：與國外的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試接軌。Passage three 探討了人類本性（human nature）的問題，也是新老觀點(diǎn)型的文章。結(jié)構(gòu)非常簡單，難點(diǎn)主要在于文章的內(nèi)容考生可能不很熟悉。Passage four 介紹了一種新的醫(yī)療技術(shù)（virtual reality）。這類介紹新技術(shù)、新發(fā)明的科普文章結(jié)構(gòu)都較簡單，主要圍繞新技術(shù)和新發(fā)明作用、原理、優(yōu)點(diǎn)、意義和影響來展開。大家可以看一看 2002年1月六級(jí)考題的passage one,熟悉一下這種文章的套路�？傮w來看，六級(jí)閱讀的文章集中在科技知識(shí)、經(jīng)濟(jì)生活和人文社會(huì)三個(gè)方面，可以有意識(shí)地加強(qiáng)一下這幾個(gè)方面的背景知識(shí)。一定的背景知識(shí)有助于考生理解文章的內(nèi)容。但需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，考生答題時(shí)要嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容作答，千萬不可根據(jù)自己所掌握的背景知識(shí)想當(dāng)然地答題，這是在做閱讀題中一定要把握的一點(diǎn)。

主要題型

　　從題目的類型和難度來看：主要的題型仍是細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題（包括詞義推測）和主旨題。本次考試細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查了以下幾個(gè)方面。

　�、賹�(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)論的考查，如passage one的23題，passage two 的27題。

　�、趯�(duì)強(qiáng)對(duì)比內(nèi)容的考查，如passage two 的28、29題。

　�、蹖�(duì)特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)的考查，如passage four 的39題，筆者對(duì)歷年六級(jí)試題總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)：只要一句話中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)破折號(hào)，這句話就經(jīng)常成為考點(diǎn)。

　�、軐�(duì)段末句的考查，如passage four的40題。細(xì)節(jié)題的解題關(guān)鍵在于定位，只要找到題干在文章中的位置，一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。而在六級(jí)閱讀中定位是比較容易的，因?yàn)殚喿x順序和出題順序基本上是一致的。有一點(diǎn)需要指出，就是考生要善于把握題干中的隱藏信息。比如本次考試passage three 的32 和35題，這兩道題實(shí)際上是對(duì)文中新老觀點(diǎn)的考查，但題干中并沒有出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志時(shí)間的詞，而是通過時(shí)態(tài)來隱諱表明，如果考生沒有注意到這一點(diǎn)解題就會(huì)出現(xiàn)困難，特別是第35題。推斷題的難度比以前有明顯提高，例如passageone的21題和passage four 的36題，就要求考生對(duì)文章首句的隱藏含義有深刻的理解，要能夠真正地read between lines，才會(huì)答對(duì)這兩道題。再比如passage three 的33 題，考查作者引用名人觀點(diǎn)的作用，難度也較大，它要求考生在讀文章的時(shí)候，不僅要看懂文章的意思，更能準(zhǔn)確理解作者的寫作意圖，明白作者的行文邏輯。詞義推測題本次考試考了兩道，分別是passage two的26題和passage three 的34題，解題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來推斷，難度不大。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略

　　1．先讀文章后題目的題干，抓住問題的主干，然后全文通讀文章。不求了解細(xì)節(jié)，必須把握大意，特別注意以“段”為單位，抓住段落主題句。最好同時(shí)掃描考點(diǎn)標(biāo)志詞，圈劃出標(biāo)志詞附近關(guān)鍵實(shí)詞，將考點(diǎn)一網(wǎng)打盡。

　　2．通過問題返回文章找出所問的語言點(diǎn)�？纯碱}時(shí)，首先要分清考題的題型。分清題型后，根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)中的信號(hào)詞，回到原文定位，仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)句。這時(shí)充分利用在原文的圈劃出的標(biāo)志詞，快速定位�；刈x的內(nèi)容不需要全和多，在掌握大意的基礎(chǔ)上，只讀相關(guān)句即可。

　　3．在找到考點(diǎn)的情況下，根據(jù)不同題型的特點(diǎn)和解題技巧選出正確答案。注意干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，如“無中生有”，“答非所問”、“張冠李戴”、“偷梁換柱”、“過猶不及”、排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

　　下面以2003年12月考試的第二篇文章為例，詳細(xì)說明閱讀的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge(劇增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises.

　　Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife"s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising afamily"s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family"s financial and emotional stability.

　　Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.

　　Also, a major part of women"s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.

　　文章解析：本文是一篇對(duì)比文，文章討論了女性的外出工作對(duì)婚姻的兩種相反的影響。首段前兩句表明專家觀點(diǎn)：工作女性的劇增可能預(yù)示著拒絕婚姻，后半段又提出轉(zhuǎn)折，工作女性的劇增可能鼓勵(lì)婚姻。第二段兩種相反觀點(diǎn)繼續(xù)討論女性的外出工作對(duì)婚姻影響。第三段支持兩種相反觀點(diǎn)的兩種相反的心理因素。最后一段，隨著工作女性的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力的提高，女性在家庭的地位上升可能導(dǎo)致兩種相反結(jié)果。近年考試對(duì)比型的文章出現(xiàn)頻繁，包括兩種觀點(diǎn)的議論文和兩種事物的說明文，特點(diǎn)是平行論述，沒有主次之分，作者不發(fā)表態(tài)度和結(jié)論，一般兩種觀點(diǎn)的開頭可當(dāng)作文章主旨。 26. The word “portend” (Line 2, Para.1) is closest in meaning to “_____”.A) defy B) signal C) suffer from D) result from

　　詞義題 從文章第一句話大部分考生都不難理解portend是預(yù)示的意思。但是要知道正確選項(xiàng)B）signal也有顯示的意思，需要背到字典上signal動(dòng)詞形式的第三個(gè)意思。要求考生不能局限于一詞一義，而要熟練掌握大綱詞匯的每一個(gè)解釋。A) defy不服從, 反抗 C) suffer from忍受, 遭受 D) result from由……產(chǎn)生。27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,_____.

　　A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners

　　B) more women would get married to seek financial security

　　C) even working women would worry about their marriages

　　D) more people would prefer to remain single for the time being

　　細(xì)節(jié)題 題干的the economy slides等于原文的economic downturns。定位在Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead.數(shù)據(jù)顯示經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷時(shí)期人們傾向推遲婚姻，因?yàn)殡p方不能承擔(dān)一個(gè)家庭或者擔(dān)心更窘迫的日子。只有D)符合原文意思。A B C 都是“無中生有”和“答非所問”。28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,_____.

　　A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners

　　B) their husbands are expected to do more housework

　　C) their marriage ties can be strengthened

　　D) they tend to put their career before marriage

　　細(xì)節(jié)題 找到原文On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.輕松選出答案C)。正確答案就把形容詞stronger轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞strengthen。毫無難度。29. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that_____.

　　A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom

　　B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands

　　C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations

　　D) they tend to suspect their husbands?loyalty to their marriage

　　細(xì)節(jié)題 文章順序和題目順序有顛倒。定位在28題之前a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. 考查內(nèi)在邏輯的因果關(guān)系。一個(gè)妻子被阻止外出可能會(huì)感覺被關(guān)在房子里。所以她可能認(rèn)為惟一的選擇就是離婚。She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce.等于題干的women with no career may seek a divorce. A wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house.相當(dāng)于A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom. 她們感到被剝奪了自由。30. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author誷 view in the passage?

　　A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.

　　B) Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.

　　C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent

　　D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.

　　主旨題 因?yàn)檫@種平行的對(duì)比型文章作者不發(fā)表態(tài)度和結(jié)論，所以不可能有作者態(tài)度題只能理解為文章主旨題。A) 婚姻的穩(wěn)定性和離婚率會(huì)影響國家經(jīng)濟(jì)。文章只提及國家經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)影響婚姻。顛倒黑白，排除。B)即使經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立，大多數(shù)女性不得不為婚姻中真正的平等而奮斗。文章從未提及，無中生有。C)為了保衛(wèi)婚姻，女性應(yīng)當(dāng)外出工作保持獨(dú)立。以偏蓋全。只有D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case. 女性的外出工作對(duì)婚姻的影響是一例與一例不一樣的。只有D)才準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出文章的兩種平行的相反觀點(diǎn)。

復(fù)習(xí)策略

　　從根本上提高閱讀能力閱讀的基本功是取得閱讀高分的重要保證，同時(shí)也是取得四、六級(jí)考試高分的重要保證。因?yàn)榧词故欠�譯和簡答題也是和同學(xué)們的閱讀能力息息相關(guān)的。閱讀考試的成功需要考生具有豐富的詞匯，固定短語以及實(shí)際應(yīng)用的能力，熟練的語法知識(shí)及綜合應(yīng)用的能力。因此同學(xué)應(yīng)該在熟練的掌握六級(jí)考試大綱的詞匯量的基礎(chǔ)之上，大量閱讀文章。這個(gè)能力提高的過程包括精讀六級(jí)考試真題的文章以及泛讀課外的英文文章以擴(kuò)大視野。

　　學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)試技巧所謂技巧是對(duì)于多年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試的理性分析和科學(xué)總結(jié)，所得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做題規(guī)則。在掌握出題規(guī)則上，預(yù)測題目；在不完全理解文章的情況下，根據(jù)做題規(guī)則最大概率得到正確答案。甚至在來不及看文章時(shí)，直接做對(duì)題目。六級(jí)的閱讀文章經(jīng)過人們長期研究和總結(jié)，有著很強(qiáng)的套路感和規(guī)律感。同學(xué)們可以在考試以前做好準(zhǔn)備。 掌握有效的應(yīng)試技巧對(duì)于在考場上高效地去解答四六級(jí)閱讀題目是非常有裨益的，可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。最后，只有通過對(duì)真題的不斷實(shí)踐和練習(xí)，才能在考試中心領(lǐng)神會(huì)，取得應(yīng)有的成績。筆者深信全面打好語言基本功是提高分?jǐn)?shù)的重要途徑，多練加巧練則定可取得事半功倍的成效。只要下功夫，六級(jí)考試一定有很好的回報(bào)。