Passage Two
In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no (S1) _____ day for a police officer. Some days are (S2)_________ slow, and the job is (S3)________; other days are so busy that there is no time to eat. I think I can (S4)________ police work in one word: (S5)________. Sometimes it's dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing (S6) ________ clothes, not my police (S7)________. I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly,(S8) ___________________________________________Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (S9)_____________________ ___________. I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, (S10) _____________________.
(S1) typical
(S2) relatively
(S3) boring
(S4) describe
(S5) variety
(S6) normal
(S7) uniform
(S8) seven bad men jumped out at me/came to me and we got into/began a fight.
(S9) She was trying to get to/going to the hospital. But there was a bad traffic jam.
(S10) the baby arrived in the hospital.
原文:
S8. seven bad men jumped out at me; one of them had a knife, and we got into a fight.
S9. She was trying to get to the hospital, but there was a bad traffic jam.
S10. the baby waited to "arrive" until we got to the hospital.
縮小了內(nèi)容范圍,考生聽(tīng)音時(shí)更具針對(duì)性和準(zhǔn)確性,心理放松,更為自信,使自己在考試中處于主動(dòng)地位。
(2)聽(tīng)第一遍錄音應(yīng)從大處著眼,小處著手,聽(tīng)為主,記為輔,聽(tīng)寫(xiě)結(jié)合,雙管齊下
聽(tīng)第一遍錄音時(shí)應(yīng)盡量放松,抓主要信息(大處著眼),將注意力集中在空格部分,尤其注意聽(tīng)清或?qū)懴碌谝粋(gè)詞和最后一個(gè)詞(小處著手)。否則,就可能糊里糊涂地什么也沒(méi)聽(tīng)清。要特別提醒:聽(tīng)第一遍時(shí)不要手忙腳亂、邊聽(tīng)邊記,或?yàn)榱四骋粋(gè)詞而造成意識(shí)上的暫時(shí)停頓,破壞整句或整段的理解。
第一遍是全文朗讀,要求考生注意聽(tīng)懂全文內(nèi)容。由于聽(tīng)音前考生已瀏覽了卷面文字,對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料有了大致的了解,因此聽(tīng)讀第一遍時(shí),考生可以適當(dāng)?shù)靥顚?xiě)些單詞和做些筆記,聽(tīng)為主,記為輔。第一遍記下關(guān)鍵詞有助于第二遍聽(tīng)寫(xiě)時(shí)啟發(fā)記憶,提示要點(diǎn),同時(shí)也減輕了第二遍筆記的任務(wù),使筆記更加充實(shí)、完整,依次與出的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)才會(huì)更加全面、準(zhǔn)確。聽(tīng)和記兩種不同的語(yǔ)言技能在"復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)"中有著緊密的聯(lián)系,相互促進(jìn)。
(3)聽(tīng)第二遍錄音時(shí),留神停頓信號(hào),注意意群和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。
第二遍在聽(tīng)懂的基礎(chǔ)上,迅速記下所聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容。這一遍主要是搶速度,用簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)等方式或用圖形、符號(hào)記錄下內(nèi)容就行。一般考生聽(tīng)完兩遍基本可聽(tīng)懂句意;但只憑記憶寫(xiě)要點(diǎn),往往容易有疏漏和錯(cuò)誤。足夠信息量的筆記是寫(xiě)好要點(diǎn)的重要條件;但如何在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)記錄下更多的內(nèi)容呢?這里介紹幾種方法。
首先,可使用縮略語(yǔ)?捎胑sp.代especially,sth代something, apprec代appreciation等。沒(méi)有縮略語(yǔ)的詞匯,如字母較少的單詞,可完整寫(xiě)出該詞,如gift, take,字母較多的單詞(只寫(xiě)該詞前幾個(gè)字母;這里的基本要求是快速,省時(shí),并能表達(dá)含義?s略語(yǔ)不一定要求規(guī)范,甚至可用些符號(hào),所記內(nèi)容不一定要求完整,只要能起到提示的作用,自己能看懂就行了。
其次,由于"復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)"第二部分朗讀時(shí)沒(méi)有停頓,即使使用縮略語(yǔ)也難記下全文,因此考生應(yīng)有選擇地記筆記。英語(yǔ)中實(shí)詞具有表意功能,而虛詞多具語(yǔ)法功能,所以記詞應(yīng)以實(shí)詞為主。
另外,因?yàn)?復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)"第二部分只要求寫(xiě)出內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),這樣考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)記下句中的中心詞。短語(yǔ)a thank-you gift,greatly appreciated和quite acceptable中的定、狀語(yǔ)便可略去不記。
通過(guò)這幾種方法,考生大大壓縮了所記的詞語(yǔ),贏得了時(shí)間,精練了內(nèi)容,增大了筆記的信息量,提高記筆記的效率,為寫(xiě)好內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)創(chuàng)造了條件。
(4)聽(tīng)第三遍錄音時(shí),注意聽(tīng)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)明白或沒(méi)有記錄下來(lái)的詞或句。
如果都已記下,就重點(diǎn)檢查、修正記錄內(nèi)容?忌鷳(yīng)針對(duì)以上內(nèi)容及第一部分和第二部分的主題句進(jìn)行診斷,判斷,概括。文章要點(diǎn)顯然不可缺漏,但也并非多多益善,考生應(yīng)分清主次,有所取舍,從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),"復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)"還要求考生具有一定的邏輯分析和歸納能力。文字表達(dá)應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)潔、通順、準(zhǔn)確。
如:分析Passage Two 的原文:
S8 seven bad men jumped out at me; one of them had a knife, and we got into a fight.
S9. She was trying to get to the hospital, but there was a bad traffic jam.
S10. the baby waited to "arrive" until we got to the hospital.
Passage Two的參考答案:
(S8) seven bad men jumped out at me/came to me and we got into/began a fight.
(S9) She was trying to get to/going to the hospital. But there was a bad traffic jam.
(S10) the baby arrived in the hospital.
我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它有以下特點(diǎn):
1.將內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)分列為幾點(diǎn),清楚明白,一目了然。
2.要點(diǎn)盡可能用完整的簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá),不宜用短語(yǔ),句式也不宜過(guò)于復(fù)雜。
3.盡量省去語(yǔ)句中可有可無(wú)的修飾成份。
總而言之,考生應(yīng)用有限的詞語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)潔明了地概括出所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容的全部要點(diǎn),使內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)達(dá)到有機(jī)的完美統(tǒng)一。
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