英語四六級(jí)語法指導(dǎo)：主謂一致

謂語需用單數(shù)

1） 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。
　 Each of us has a tape-recorder.
　 There is something wrong with my watch.

2） 當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。
　 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
　 <<天方夜譚>>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。

3） 表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語 時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。(用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變。)
　 Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
　 Ten yuan is enough.

指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)

1） 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
　　 All is right.　　　 (一切順利。)
　　 All are present.　　(所有人都到齊了。)

2） 集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。
　　 His family isn't very large.　　他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。
　　 His family are music lovers.　他的家人都是音樂愛好者。
　 但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
　　Are there any police around?

3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。
　A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
　The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
　A number of books have lent out.
　The majority of the students like English

與后接名詞或代詞保持一致

1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。
　Most of his money is spent on books.
　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2） 在一些短語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。
　 Many a person has read the novel.　許多人都讀過這本書。
　 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個(gè)城市。