2010年6月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)沖刺指導(dǎo)：閱讀真題分析

　　Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.

　　His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. 1Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. 2Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.

　　But Hancock says it is also crucial 1whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and 2whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.

　　People are also more likely to lie in real time – in a instant message or phone call, say – than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脫口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

　　Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.

　　2.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that __C__.

　　A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages

　　B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

　　C) people are most likely to lie in email communication

　　D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

　　分析：以題干中的research finding結(jié)合surprised回到原文定位，因?yàn)槭堑?題所以按照順序原則在文章中前部的第3段開(kāi)頭找到His results和surprised的對(duì)應(yīng)。原文中出現(xiàn)some…others的搭配說(shuō)明有兩類psychologists，分別是email和face-to-face，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都沒(méi)有同時(shí)包含這二者的，那么就看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確的表述了其中之一，AD因?yàn)檎f(shuō)的是instant messages和phone首先被排除，B選項(xiàng)中的unlikely和原文中的lie more相對(duì)立，因此排除，C選項(xiàng)中的most likely對(duì)應(yīng)原文中the biggest，是對(duì)原文信息的同義改寫(xiě)，因此正確。

　　總結(jié)：文章三段中大量出現(xiàn)比較和因果考點(diǎn)，如：the biggest、reasoning、because 、easier 、lie more 、most practised，因此本段被考到的幾率非常大。而且在原文中出現(xiàn)最高級(jí)biggest的時(shí)候，正確選項(xiàng)也同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了對(duì)應(yīng)most likely，語(yǔ)言形式對(duì)應(yīng)。注意關(guān)注文章中的重要考點(diǎn)，正確答案的語(yǔ)言形式與原文相對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　3. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication? A

　　A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.

　　B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.

　　C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.

　　D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.

　　分析：以題干中的tell the truth結(jié)合因果詞why回到原文定位，因?yàn)槭堑?題所以按照順序原則在文章中部的第4段找到be afraid to lie的對(duì)應(yīng)。原文中定位句的前一句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折But、最高級(jí)crucial(the most important)考點(diǎn)，這正是答案出現(xiàn)的明確信號(hào)。定位的本句說(shuō)人們 be afraid to lie也就是tell the truth是因?yàn)樗麄兊弥�這個(gè)對(duì)話日后會(huì)hold them to account使得他們承擔(dān)責(zé)任,這是對(duì)本段開(kāi)頭Hancock所提出的兩個(gè)crucial最重要觀點(diǎn)中的1 being recorded的展開(kāi)解釋，正確答案A選項(xiàng)中的leaving behind traces對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的recorded。B與原文無(wú)關(guān)，CD選項(xiàng)是3段那兩類psychologists的觀點(diǎn)，而本題問(wèn)的是According to the passage本文的觀點(diǎn)，也就是實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)施人Hancock的觀點(diǎn)，CD選項(xiàng)尤其是D選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤率很高，大部分錯(cuò)選CD的同學(xué)都是因?yàn)閷忣}不明確，并且是在憑借印象做題，而沒(méi)有在文章中找尋明確對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　總結(jié)：關(guān)注文章中的重要考點(diǎn)，注意同義替換詞的積累，在09年6月的63題中再次考到了用leave traces同義替換原文3段的recorded。重復(fù)的內(nèi)容反復(fù)考，因此要求不斷積累正確選項(xiàng)和原文之間的同義替換。

　　3.語(yǔ)義題：考察根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義的能力。

　　標(biāo)志：題干中包含明確位置，如：(Line 1, Para. 3)。

　　解答語(yǔ)義題關(guān)鍵抓兩點(diǎn)：利用并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)、根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義推斷。

　　語(yǔ)義題錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單詞的本意。

　　(1) 簡(jiǎn)單詞的本意往往為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

　　例題4：05年6月

　　What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para. 3)? C

　　A) Oil exploitation takes a long time

　　B) The oil drilling should be delayed

　　C) Don’t be too optimistic

　　D) Don’t expect fast returns

　　分析：題干非常簡(jiǎn)單，從字面意思上看與速度和時(shí)間有關(guān)系，AB中的takes a long time和delayed都是Not so fast的字面意思，D選項(xiàng)更是用fast來(lái)解釋Not so fast，因此ABD同時(shí)排除，正確答案是C，與簡(jiǎn)單的題干的字面意思沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系。

　　總結(jié)：語(yǔ)義題的題干如果很簡(jiǎn)單，那么正確答案就與字面意思無(wú)關(guān)。

　　(2) 利用并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)

　　例題5：(對(duì)應(yīng)例文1)

　　The word “shun” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means ___B___.

　　A) cut down on減少

　　B) stay away from 遠(yuǎn)離

　　C) run out of 用完

　　D) put up with 忍受(B)

　　分析：“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.”在本句話中出現(xiàn)比較more than，把前后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比they對(duì)應(yīng)Humans，shun對(duì)應(yīng)avoid，對(duì)應(yīng)正確答案B，stay away from 遠(yuǎn)離。

　　總結(jié)：靈活利用并列、比較等平行結(jié)構(gòu)尋找對(duì)應(yīng)

　　(3) 根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義推斷

　　例題6：2008年12月

　　What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach” (Line 1, Para. 9)? D

　　A) A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions

　　B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems

　　C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved

　　D) Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear

　　分析：原文Then there is the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill. 關(guān)于ostrich approach的意思，需要看上下文的內(nèi)容，也就是對(duì)應(yīng)在后面的那句話，D選項(xiàng)中的Unwillingness to find out對(duì)應(yīng)原文的would rather not know，fear對(duì)應(yīng)scared，因此為正確答案。

　　總結(jié)：語(yǔ)義題不是考察你是否認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，而是考察你能不能利用上下文推斷出它在文章里的含義。