昂立：英語四六級短文理解四招攻略(特別技巧篇)

一、真題

52.   The "so-called fight-or-flight response" (Line 2, Para. 1) refers to "________".

       A) the biological process in which human beings' sense of self-defense evolves
       B) the instinctive fear human beings feel when faced with potential danger
       C) the act of evaluating a dangerous situation and making a quick decision
       D) the elaborate mechanism in the human brain for retrieving information

53.   From the studies conducted by LeDoux we learn that _________.

       A) reactions of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictable
       B) memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distress
       C) people's unpleasant memories are derived from their feelings of fear
       D) the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animals responses to potential danger

54.   From the passage we know that ________.

       A) a little worry will do us good if handled properly
       B) a little worry will enable us to survive a recession
       C) fear strengthens the human desire to survive danger
       D) fear helps people to anticipate certain future events

55.   Which of the following is the best way to deal with your worries according to Hallowell?

       A) Ask for help from the people around you.
       B) Use the belt-tightening strategies for survival.
       C) Seek professional advice and take action.
       D) Understand the situation and be fully prepared.

56.   In Hallowell's view, people's reaction to the terrorist threat last fall was ________.

       A) ridiculous                              B) understandable
       C) over-cautious                        D) sensible

二、秘訣

1．快速瀏覽全文，把握文章脈絡

文中陰影部分皆為具體闡釋或舉例，所以無需仔細閱讀，可快速瀏覽甚至跳過不看。而下劃線部分的成分則需讀者特別注意，如第三段的this，它表明該段是上文的總結；that is表明后文為前文的解釋，所以讀者如果前文看懂了，后文也就沒有太大作用了。

Passage One

       In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body's system for reacting to things that can harm us -- the so-called fight-or-flight response. "An animal that can't detect danger can't stay alive," says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons (神經(jīng)元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala (扁桃核).

       LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation - I think this charging dog wants to bite me - and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three.

       This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know they're afraid. That is, as LeDoux says, "if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear."

       Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry.

       That's not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell, "When used properly, worry is an incredible device," he says. After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action -- like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.

       Hallowell insists, though, that there's a right way to worry. "Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan," he says. Most of us have survived a recession, so we're familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.

       Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so it's been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. That's why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro (抗炭疽菌的藥物) and buying gas masks.

2．仔細研析題干，確定關鍵詞語

　　選擇題的解答成功與否，主要取決于對題干的充分挖掘。如第53題，該題定位并不難，因為人名是最為容易確定的線索，再加上study一詞便可確定答案所在地。但該題的關鍵在于learn一詞，它決定了正確答案肯定不是原文直接言明，而是間接暗示的，所以由此可先排除文章直接言明的選項B)和C)。選項A)與所在段的內(nèi)容不相干，所以正確答案為D)。

53.   From the studies conducted by LeDoux we learn that _________.

       A) reactions of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictable
       B) memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distress
       C) people's unpleasant memories are derived from their feelings of fear
       D) the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animals responses to potential danger

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