一、歸納總結(jié)法
歸納總結(jié)法指的是以文章前面的論述為依據(jù)，引出或重申文章的中心思想或結(jié)論。歸納總結(jié)法常用素材有：
1. To sum up, ______can benefit us tremendously if correctly used.
總而言之，如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，______會(huì)讓我們受益匪淺。
2. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______.
因此，不難得出以下結(jié)論：______。
3. Recognizing the fact that ______ will lead us to conclude that ______.
承認(rèn)______這一事實(shí)，我們能得出以下結(jié)論：______。
4. The evidence upon all sides supports/confirms/leads to a conclusion that ______.
各方面的證據(jù)支持/表明/得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論：______。
5. From what has been discussed above/Based on the points discussed above, we can draw/arrive at the conclusion that ______.
綜上所述，我們能得出如下結(jié)論：______。
6. In summary/conclusion/a word, it is important that we should ______.
總之，我們應(yīng)該______，這一點(diǎn)很重要。
7. Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that______ .
考慮到所有因素，我們得出結(jié)論：______。
二、提出建議法
提出建議法是指對(duì)所討論的問(wèn)題提出建設(shè)性的意見(jiàn)或者解決問(wèn)題的具體方法。
提出建議法常用素材有：
1. It might be time to hear the warnings of some e conomists.
該是聽(tīng)聽(tīng)一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的警告的時(shí)候了。
2. It is time that we put/urged an immediate end to the undesirable situation/tendency of ______.
該是結(jié)束______這種討厭的情況/趨勢(shì)的時(shí)候了。
3. Therefore, in order to ______, effective means should be taken to ______.
所以，為了______，必須采取有效措施來(lái)______。
4. It is high time that______ . Here are some of the things that might be taken up immediately.
該是______的時(shí)候了。這里有幾項(xiàng)措施可以立即著手執(zhí)行。
5. It is suggested that the government should make efforts to ______.
人們建議政府應(yīng)該做出努力去______。
6. In short/In any case, we should/ought to/must ______.
總之/無(wú)論如何，我們應(yīng)該/必須______。
7. Awareness of the seriousness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.
意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性是解決問(wèn)題的第一步。
8. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most important is ______. Another way is ______.
盡管問(wèn)題不能立即得到解決，但是還是有方法。最重要的是______。還有______。
三、預(yù)測(cè)展望法
預(yù)測(cè)展望法是指預(yù)測(cè)某一現(xiàn)象的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)或某一措施的深遠(yuǎn)影響。預(yù)測(cè)展望法常用素材有：
1. The significance of ______cannot be overvalued.
______的意義重大。
2. What will happen to ______? Nobody really knows. But one thing is certain: ______.
______會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情?沒(méi)有人確切知道。但有一件事可以肯定：______。
3. Following these suggestions may not guarantee success, but the payoff might be worth the effort. It will not only benefit ______ but also benefit ______.
也許這些建議并不能保證取得成功，但是值得一試。它不但會(huì)造福______，而且也會(huì)使______受益。
4. To reverse the trend is not a light task. It requires a good awareness of ______.
要想扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢(shì)并非易事。這需要充分意識(shí)到______。
5. People are coming to realize the importance of ______. Some have begun to try their best to ______. We believe that ______.
人們開(kāi)始意識(shí)到______的重要性。許多人已經(jīng)開(kāi)始竭力______。我們相信_(tái)_____。
6. It is clear/obvious/evident/apparent that ______. Therefore, the task of ______ requires/demands/involves ______.
很顯然，______。因此，要完成______的任務(wù)必須______。
7. With the improvement of ______, ______will prove to hold great superior over ______.
隨著______的改善，______將證明比______更具優(yōu)越性。
8. There is a growing tendency for people these days to ______, which I believe will not change in a short time.
現(xiàn)在，人們______的趨勢(shì)正在增加，而且我認(rèn)為短時(shí)間內(nèi)這種趨勢(shì)不會(huì)改變。
9. If everyone is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
如果人人都愿意為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)，社會(huì)將變得越來(lái)越美好。
10. Anyhow, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ______.
不管它的作用是積極的還是消極的，可以肯定的是它必將______。
11. Whatever you do, please remember the saying ______. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
不管你做什么，請(qǐng)記住這句老話：______。只要你懂得它的意思，并將其應(yīng)用到學(xué)習(xí)或工作中，你定將受益匪淺。
12. The influence of ______ is not confined to______ . It also ______.
______的影響不僅局限于______，它還______。
以上三種是最常用的結(jié)尾方式，如果有同學(xué)喜歡在結(jié)尾引用名人名言，還可以背下面一些句子在末尾段使用。
四、名言引用法
名言引用法是指引用古今中外名人的名言警句來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)。
名言引用法常用素材有：
1. The saying ______ has been widely accepted throughout the world.
名言______在世界范圍內(nèi)被普遍接受。
2. “______.” We are used to hearing such words like those. “______�！�
我們常常聽(tīng)到這樣的說(shuō)法。
3. “______.” Such is the opinion of a great man. This remark has been confirmed time and time again by many historical events. “______�！�
這是一位偉大的人物的觀點(diǎn)。該言論已經(jīng)被許多歷史事件反復(fù)驗(yàn)證。
4. As the proverb goes, ______ .
正如諺語(yǔ)______所說(shuō)。
5. There is an English proverb which says that ______.
有一個(gè)英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)______。
6. There is an old saying, “______.” It is the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
古語(yǔ)道：“______�！边@是前輩的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但在今天許多情況下也適用。
7. “______” is the opinion held by______ . This remark has been confirmed time and again by more and more people.
“______”是______的觀點(diǎn)，而且被越來(lái)越多的人反復(fù)證實(shí)。
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