在四六級作文中,詞匯量不足是影響成績的一個重要因素。一個意思往往因為一個單詞不會而表達不清,一個好的句子也會因為一個詞匯想不起來而不能完成。如何應付這種情況使作文順利進行下去?下面是三種簡便易行的應急措施可能對你會有所幫助。
1、試用籠統(tǒng)詞
英語語言中籠統(tǒng)詞有have, take 等,籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點在于意義廣泛,搭配性強,構成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達一個動作,卻能大致表達意思。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候,用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代,也能收到異曲同工的效果。
例如:我經(jīng)歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。
I experienced a terrible hard time.
這一句中,experience被遺忘時,用have代替,成為:I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表達的意義決不亞于第一句。這樣的例子還很多。如:
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出,具體詞音節(jié)較多,使用頻率不高,容易遺忘,而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然。因此,在作文應試中,籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞,不失為一種應急良策。
2、聯(lián)想有關詞匯
當遺忘產(chǎn)生時,或遇到未曾學過的詞時,應采取放射性思維,發(fā)揮想象力,想出一切與之有關的單詞,利用語言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,多層次,多角度地運用語言。一般情況下,聯(lián)想可按下列思路進行:1聯(lián)想同義詞;2聯(lián)想反義詞。
英語語言中眾多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的。利用這一規(guī)律,由于某個單詞受阻而影響全篇寫作的情況便不會出現(xiàn)。試看下列句子:
I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.
Nightmare 使用頻率不太高,因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。再比如:I don‘t understand this word. 也可以說成 I don’t know this word.
另外:
He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的,詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣,用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的,請看下面的例子:
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet.
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