2005年6月最新唐啟明四級(jí)考試沖刺講義

第一部分、四級(jí)沖刺之謀略篇

一、沖刺之時(shí)間運(yùn)籌

1.合理安排時(shí)間，勞逸結(jié)合，不宜疲勞備戰(zhàn)。

詞匯：20－30分鐘  （分成小段） 

閱讀：20分鐘   （做題2篇；或分析4篇） 

聽(tīng)力：20分鐘聽(tīng)寫(xiě)練習(xí)

三選一：15分鐘 

2. 考前熱身

考前一周拿出三個(gè)上午，按考試的時(shí)間做三套題。以適應(yīng)體力腦力消耗狀況，調(diào)整做題的節(jié)奏，合理分配各部分題型時(shí)間。

二、沖刺階段之材料選用

做透歷屆真題，分析真題出題思路，強(qiáng)化破解思路。做適量模擬題。

三、沖刺階段的現(xiàn)實(shí)目標(biāo)

培養(yǎng)意識(shí)，提高敏銳性，在充實(shí)基本知識(shí)的同時(shí)，更重要的是開(kāi)發(fā)、提高現(xiàn)有知識(shí)的利用率！

第二部分、詞匯沖刺之亡羊補(bǔ)牢篇

考前一周天狂記四級(jí)高頻詞匯（見(jiàn)文都主頁(yè)）。記住，詞匯是四級(jí)制勝的關(guān)鍵！

1. 下載詞匯表，編輯、打印成便攜式卡片。

2. 在每張卡片上注明背誦及每次復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間。

3. 每次復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)遮住漢語(yǔ)注釋部分，能說(shuō)出漢語(yǔ)意義即為通過(guò)，否則做個(gè)記號(hào)，重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)。

3. 隨時(shí)隨地，走火入魔式復(fù)習(xí)。要善于利用零碎時(shí)間（3－5分鐘）為復(fù)習(xí)一張卡片時(shí)間。

最后一周，查缺補(bǔ)漏，瀏覽詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì)總表（見(jiàn)文都主頁(yè)），將高頻詞先解決。

第三部分、語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)突破―用初高中語(yǔ)法解決大學(xué)英語(yǔ)問(wèn)題

語(yǔ)法練習(xí)重點(diǎn)：

1．利用簡(jiǎn)單語(yǔ)法知識(shí)解決閱讀理解中的長(zhǎng)句快速理解問(wèn)題。減少干擾，快刀斬亂麻。

2．進(jìn)一步的應(yīng)用是英譯漢。

長(zhǎng)句常見(jiàn)的方式，干擾視線(xiàn)的方法是：

1．在主語(yǔ)后面加上同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，（甚至是一個(gè)句子的主干主語(yǔ)）

破解方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)后面有一個(gè)逗號(hào)，立刻尋找另一個(gè)逗號(hào)，中間的內(nèi)容不要看！

A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver.

Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience.

RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during "critical" stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing.

The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics (倫理學(xué)) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.

2．從句連環(huán)套（詳見(jiàn)翻譯部分）

注意快刀斬亂麻，下刀的地方是從句的分界線(xiàn)

The basic issue,” he says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”

第四部分、聽(tīng)力沖刺之聲聲入耳篇―聽(tīng)音練耳

聽(tīng)力沖刺注意事項(xiàng)：

聽(tīng)力的本質(zhì)與聽(tīng)力技巧：聽(tīng)懂關(guān)鍵詞是所有技巧的前提，否則是無(wú)本之木，無(wú)源之水。不承認(rèn)這個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)，只能陷入空談“技巧”。

聽(tīng)力理解部分的測(cè)試內(nèi)容包括理解和速度兩個(gè)方面。而聽(tīng)力理解能力的提高首先要以語(yǔ)言知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，具體來(lái)講：語(yǔ)音知識(shí)，詞匯量，必要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。

出題人通過(guò)提高語(yǔ)速、增加連讀、失去爆破、弱化等現(xiàn)象，加大了題目的難度。

針對(duì)這一點(diǎn)，我們?cè)谑Ｏ聨滋鞗_刺階段必須加強(qiáng)對(duì)聽(tīng)力速度的訓(xùn)練，盡可能多的去積極聽(tīng)取信息，方法就是聽(tīng)寫(xiě)，強(qiáng)迫自己集中注意力！  

 （一）老生常談--對(duì)話(huà)考查要點(diǎn)及拿分要點(diǎn)一覽

一．對(duì)話(huà)部分（送分的）

1．重要語(yǔ)境、人物關(guān)系歸納: (詳見(jiàn)四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)講義) 詞義場(chǎng)和詞義網(wǎng) (最好與前面講的聯(lián)想式詞匯記憶結(jié)合)兩者聯(lián)系密切

（�？颊Z(yǔ)境）

(1) bank:  (2) post office:  (3) railway station:  (4) airport, plane:  (5) restaurant: 

(6) hotel:  (7) library:     (8) hospital (clinic):  (9) department store/supermarket

1.    A) A math teacher and his colleague.           B) A teacher and his student.

       C) A student and his classmate.                  D) A librarian and a student.

2.  A) A shop assistant.      B) A telephone operator.   C) A waitress.       D) A clerk.

3.  A) A railway porter.     B) A bus conductor.    C) A taxi driver.          D)A postal clerk.

4.  A) Colleagues.    B) Husband and wife.    C) Employer and employee.     D) Mother and son.

2．其它對(duì)話(huà)常見(jiàn)必殺技 （詳見(jiàn)講義）

2.1.仔細(xì)分析，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，除地點(diǎn)人物關(guān)系外，考題多數(shù)是由第一個(gè)人先說(shuō)出某件事，第二個(gè)人說(shuō)出對(duì)此事的態(tài)度，進(jìn)一步解釋或提出建議。

如：2000年6月四級(jí)全真試題第10題

M：I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need with out our library cards．

W：That's right，but not those reference books．

2.2. 開(kāi)始放錄音前，要爭(zhēng)取對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行快速處理，排除易辨認(rèn)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)(極端、絕對(duì)、偏離常理)，根據(jù)其它選項(xiàng)推測(cè)對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容，激活相關(guān)場(chǎng)景的詞匯、短語(yǔ)，句子。

判斷排除下列選項(xiàng)里的可能存在的干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容。

1. A) She takes it as a kind of exercise. B) She wants to save money.

C) She loves doing anything that is new. D) Her office isn't very far.

2. A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers. B) She does not agree with the man.

C) Drunk drivers are not guilty. D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.

3. A) Clean her house while she is away.         B) Buy her some plants and take care of them.

C) Water her plants while she is away.            D) Water her plants when he is not at work

4. A) $ 1.40    B) $ 4.30    C) $ 6.40    D) $ 8.60

很重要的一條，多留意與原文信息類(lèi)似但不完全相同的信息，尤其是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，名詞賓語(yǔ)，形容詞表語(yǔ)。因?yàn)樵谡�確選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置上，出題人也考慮到這種相關(guān)性。體現(xiàn)在正確選項(xiàng)往往是原題中信息的再現(xiàn)或轉(zhuǎn)換，加強(qiáng)對(duì)這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換的敏感性會(huì)對(duì)迅速找出正確答案有利。

1. 有讓步句，答案在主句: 留意though, although, while等開(kāi)頭的句子，(第二個(gè))

(1)    W: Have you heard about the plane crash yesterday? It caused a hundred and twenty deaths. I am never at ease when taking a flight.

M: Though we often hear about air crashes and serious casualties, flying is one of the safest ways to travel.

Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

A) The man thinks traveling by air is quite safe. B) The woman never travels by plane.

C) Both speakers feel nervous when flying.     D) The speakers feel sad about the serious loss of life.

2. 有轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，答案在轉(zhuǎn)折后的句子。留意but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless等詞。但需注意的是該情況適用于第二個(gè)人第一句話(huà)以轉(zhuǎn)折連詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)。

(1). W: I don't understand why this book for self-study doesn't have answers to the questions.

M: But it does. You can find them alt the back of the book.

Q: What does the man say about the self-study book?

A) He thinks the book should include more information. B) He doesn't think it necessary to provide the answers.

C) The answers will be added in a later edition.    D) The book does include the answers.

3. 有強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，短語(yǔ)是答案處：

強(qiáng)調(diào)方式有：多次重復(fù)某個(gè)詞或概念；用定語(yǔ)從句或?qū)Ρ�、�?lèi)比來(lái)說(shuō)明某個(gè)單詞或概念；或用形容詞最高級(jí)等加以修飾的詞。有時(shí)會(huì)有一些暗示如：“I almost forgot”、“remember”、“What he wants to do is to”等。

M: My headaches are terrible. Maybe I need more sleep.

W: Actually, you need less sun and some aspirin. It would help if you wear a hat.

Q: What does the woman think is the cause of the man's headache?

A) Long exposure to the sun.  C) Too tight a hat.   B) Lack of sleep.     D) Long working hours.

4. 最高級(jí)詞處有答案：

M: Mrs. Winter, I need your advice, I want to buy a dress for my wife, can you tell me where I can get one at a reasonable price?

W: Sure, go to Richard's. It has the latest styles and gives a 30% discount to husbands who shop alone

Q: What do we know about Richard's shop?

A) gives a 30% discount to all customers.                  B) It is run by Mrs. Winter's husband.

C) It hires Mrs. Winter as an adviser.                        D) It encourages husbands to shop on their own.

5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣:

(1). M: To collect data for my report, I need to talk to someone who knows that small city very well. I was told that you’d lived here for quite a long time.

W: Oh, I wish I could help. But I was only a child then.

Q: What does the woman imply? (2001. 6)

A) She doesn’t remember much about the city.  B) She's never been to the city.

C) She would find someone else to help.       D) She would talk to the man later.

(2). M: I'm really exhausted. But I don't want to miss the film that comes on at 11.

W: If I were you, I'd skip it. We both have to get up early tomorrow. And anyway, I've heard it isn't that exciting.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A) The man should stay up and watch the program. B) The man should read something exciting instead.

C) The man should go to bed at eleven.   D) The man should give up watching the movie.

6. 特定表建議的句型:Why not… ；What about…；Can’t you…. 祈使句(如前面的go to Richard’s)。

(1) W: The people next door are making so much noise, I just can't concentrate, Tom. 

M: Why don't you stay at the library? It’s much quieter there. 

Q: What does Tom mean? (2001. 6)

A)The woman should have complained to her neighbor.  B)The woman should stay out until the neighbors are quiet. 

C)The woman should have stayed at the library.  D)The lab will be a better place for reading. 

(二) 短文部分

1. 短文理解步驟

1) 從選項(xiàng)推測(cè)文章大意，積極預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容，標(biāo)出選項(xiàng)里的關(guān)鍵詞。

2) 聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中盡量不記筆記！避免打斷思路，漏掉后面重要信息。（平時(shí)可以練習(xí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)）

2. 復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě) (重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)是句子聽(tīng)寫(xiě))

1). 放第一遍錄音前，先看看空白處密集程度。

2). 第二遍速記，注意不要受朗讀干擾（聽(tīng)到空白處結(jié)束即動(dòng)手寫(xiě)）。

3). 核對(duì)時(shí)仍然用速記。

4). 善于利用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，邏輯推理能力和想象力補(bǔ)全內(nèi)容。

例：

In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no “(S1) ____” day for a police officer. Some days are (S2) ____ slow, and the job is (S3) ____; other days are so busy that there is no time to eat. I think I can (S4) ____ police work in one word: (S5)____. Sometimes it's dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing (S6) ____ clothes, not my police (S7)____. I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly, (S8)___________________ .Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (S9)_________________.I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, (S10)_________________.

說(shuō)一千道一萬(wàn)，聽(tīng)懂原文是關(guān)鍵!

因此必須在最后幾天內(nèi)加強(qiáng)精聽(tīng)，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，提高語(yǔ)音識(shí)別靈敏度和精確度！

1．聽(tīng)寫(xiě)！

每天投資30分用于聽(tīng)寫(xiě)，只要堅(jiān)持做下去，一周后聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的速度和準(zhǔn)確度定會(huì)大幅提高！

1. 時(shí)間：上午九點(diǎn)鐘。

2. 內(nèi)容：往年真題的對(duì)話(huà)和短文。短文也可以選新概念3。以短文為主。

3. 數(shù)量：2組對(duì)話(huà)+2段短文

4. 方法：

• 只記關(guān)鍵詞（主語(yǔ)和其余的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞）
• 只記前2-3個(gè)字母，養(yǎng)成速記習(xí)慣（克服書(shū)寫(xiě)慣性），快速跟隨朗讀跳躍前進(jìn)。
• 邊聽(tīng)邊寫(xiě)，每一句結(jié)束時(shí)按暫停，寫(xiě)出所有聽(tīng)到的重要信息。然后聽(tīng)寫(xiě)下一句。一段文章聽(tīng)2遍，如果還有寫(xiě)不出的，一定要看原文找原因，好好總結(jié)，提高認(rèn)識(shí)!
• 該習(xí)慣很快就可養(yǎng)成！實(shí)際單句聽(tīng)寫(xiě)時(shí)，往往首字母就可以起到提示作用！

Around the year 1000 A.D., some people from Northwest India began to travel westwards. Nobody knows why. After leaving their homes they did not settle down again but spent their lives moving from one place to another. Their later generations are called the Romany people or Gypsies. There are Gypsies all over the world. And many of them are still traveling with no fixed homes. There are about 8 million of them, including 3 million in Eastern Europe.

Since the Ice Age ended ten thousand years ago and warmer temperatures returned to the northern latitudes, many species have migrated north.

2．看DVD培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，(必須有英文字幕，必須是語(yǔ)言類(lèi))

其它泛聽(tīng): Anytime except bedtime!

（三）考試中注意事項(xiàng)：

1. 要放松精神。（需要在平時(shí)）

2. 瀏覽題目選項(xiàng)，基本預(yù)測(cè)出所提問(wèn)題的大致方向，從而可使自己處于主動(dòng)地位，有利于處理好聽(tīng)與看的關(guān)系。

3. 必要時(shí)，必須放棄局部，以保證全局勝利！