非謂語動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格:短語,句子(或者句子,短語)
1.當(dāng)短語部分有獨(dú)立主語,并且該主語不同于句子主語,這時(shí)短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。(它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語部分有獨(dú)立的主語)。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1:名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的,正在進(jìn)行的行為;過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的,已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時(shí)要通過判斷動(dòng)作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞,而名詞(代詞)是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過去分詞。
54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2:with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語]
36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當(dāng)于and); be encouraged不會(huì)考。
動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì);
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了,與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)
2.短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語,則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。
非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu):分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作,則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出,則使用過去分詞。
43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞:
第一點(diǎn):forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。
注意:動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣,但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞,就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí):名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn),且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí):形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞:his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格:him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二點(diǎn):want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
48. Your hair wants _B_. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn):mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味著,…的意思是…
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