2010年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試常用語法精選(18)

　　He likes watching TV more than reading books.

　　The soldier preferred to die rather than surrender.

　　We saw Tom walking towards the river, taking off his clothes and plunging into the water.

　　Censorship prevents a movie from being shown or a book being sold.

　　5. 反意疑問句

　　在具體運(yùn)用反意疑問句時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1) 如果陳述句部分是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)雜句，則反意疑問部分的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語代詞要與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語相對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　He never said she would come, did he?

　　You told me I had passed the exam, didn’t you?

　　但是如果陳述句部分是 “I (don’t) think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, fancy, reckon等+賓語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問部分的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語代詞要與賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語相對(duì)應(yīng)，并且要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。

　　I suppose you are not serious, are you?

　　She imagines that people like her, don’t they?

　　I don’t believe she knows it, does she? (因don’t的否定意義后移而不用doesn’t)

　　I didn’t expect she would come, would she? (因didn’t的否定意義后移而不用wouldn’t)

　　2) 如果陳述句部分是祈使句，則反意疑問部分一般用“will you”。在否定祈使句后還是用“will you”。

　　Read the text, will you?

　　Don’t be late, will you?

　　如果陳述句部分是以Let’s開頭的祈使句，則反意疑問部分一般用“shall we”;如果是以Let us開頭的祈使句，則反意疑問部分一般用“will you”。

　　Let’s have a party tonight, shall we?

　　Let us go home, will you?

　　3) 如果陳述句部分帶有never, nothing, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, barely, little, few等否定詞或半否定詞，反意疑問部分的動(dòng)詞要用肯定式。

　　You can hardly believe this, can you?

　　He has few good reasons for staying, has he?

　　6. 詞序

　　當(dāng)多個(gè)形容詞共同修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),在意義上同名詞關(guān)系最密切的詞最靠近該名詞，其排列次序?yàn)椤癆 + B + C + D + E + F + G + 被修飾的名詞”。其中：A. 表示年齡、新舊的形容詞，如old, young等。B. 表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低、重量的形容詞，如little, big, long, heavy等。 C. 表示形態(tài)、形狀的形容詞，如round, square等。D. 表示顏色的形容詞，如red, white, green等。E. 表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞，如British, southern, Italian等。F. 表示物質(zhì)、材料的形容詞，如wooden, rocky等。G. 表示用途、類別、目的、與…有關(guān)等的形容詞，也包括起形容詞作用的名詞和分詞，如medical, writing, geography等。其他形容詞放在上述A類形容詞之前。例如：

　　a small round brown wooden table

　　a useless, old, big, heavy, red geography book

　　a valuable old French writing desk

　　a strong young Chinese boy student

　　7. 一些特殊的句型

　　1) there is no point in doing sth.

　　該句型意為“做…是無濟(jì)于事的/沒有什么用的”。可以用very little 或not much等來代替no。其中的point是不可數(shù)名詞，作“目的”、“用處”解。

　　There is very little point in arguing with him.

　　2) have difficulty (or trouble) in doing sth.

　　該句型意為“做…有困難”。其中的in可以省略;其中的difficulty和trouble是不可數(shù)名詞，不能有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也可以用there is difficulty(or trouble) in doing sth.表達(dá)相同的意思。

　　There was little difficulty in finding him.

　　3) keep (sb. or sth. ) busy doing sth.

　　該句型意為“使…一直忙著做某事”。需注意的是雖然busy with doing sth.和busy in doing sth.都是正確的，但考題中�？糱usy doing sth.句型。但如果busy后面跟的是名詞，則要用busy with sth.。

　　We are busy preparing for the examination.

　　4) feel like doing sth.

　　該句型意為“想做某事”，且feel like后只能跟動(dòng)名詞，而不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式。此外，feel like后還可跟名詞或代詞，表示“想要某物”。

　　I was so angry that I felt like throwing something at him.

　　I feel like beer tonight.