2010年12月大學英語四級考試常用語法精選(14)

　�、� 倒裝

　　全部倒裝和部分倒裝: 如果謂語在主語前面, 就是倒裝語序. 倒裝語序又分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝. 在全部倒裝的句子中, 整個謂語都放在主語的前面:

　　Here are some registered letters for you.

　　In came a man with a white beard.

　　在部分倒裝的句子中只是謂語中的一部分(如助動詞, 情態(tài)動詞, 或系動詞be等)放在主語前面, 其余部分仍在主語后面:

　　Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.

　　I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.

　　Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.

　　以neither, nor, so等開始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句), 助動詞或be置于主語前.

　　“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.”

　　I am quite willing to help and so are the others.

　　He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.

　　“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”

　　如果一個句子只是重復前面一句話的意思, 盡管是用so開頭, 語序也不要顛倒.

　　“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”

　　“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”

　　當句首狀語為 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定詞或有否定意義的詞語時, 一般引起部分倒裝.

　　No longer are they staying with us.

　　No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.

　　Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.

　　表示位置或方向的副詞提前, 謂語動詞為 go, come等表示位置轉移的動作動詞而主語又較長時, 通常用全部倒裝:

　　There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.

　　The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.

　　There comes the bus!

　　Now comes your turn.

　　如果主語是代詞, 仍用正常語序:

　　There comes your turn.

　　有here引起, 謂語為be的句子, 也要倒裝:

　　Here is China’s largest tropical forest.

　　Here are some picture-books.

　　如果主語是代詞, 仍用正常語序:

　　Here we are. This is the new railway station.

　　“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”

　　表語和系動詞提前:

　　介詞短語: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.

　　Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.

　　形容詞: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.

　　Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.

　　副詞: Below is a restaurant.

　　Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.