2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試常用語(yǔ)法精選(11)

　　有時(shí)候, 條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作, 發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致的(如一個(gè)是過(guò)去發(fā)生的, 一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的). 這時(shí), 動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整. 這種句子可以稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句.

　　If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.

　　If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.

　　有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示, 而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示.

　　Without music, the world would be a dull place.

　　We could have done better under more favorable conditions.

　　That would have been considered miraculous in the past.

　　But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

　　如果條件句從句中包含有 were, had, should 或could, 有時(shí)可把if省略掉, 并把were, had, should或could放在主語(yǔ)前面.

　　Had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.

　　Should there be a flood, what should we do?

　　Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.

　�、� 介詞

　　合成介詞和復(fù)雜介詞

　　合成介詞: inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without

　　復(fù)雜介詞: according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, prior to等

　　介詞在句末:

　　This is what he is interested in.

　　Does everyone has a seat to sit on?

　　名詞加介詞 ( n + prep)

　　某些名詞之后要求用某些介詞: solution to, faith in, glance at, need for

　　某些名詞之前要求用某些介詞: on one’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to my delight

　　動(dòng)詞加介詞

　　Vi + prep: prevail on, appeal to, fall into, apply for, touch upon

　　Vt + O + prep: lay emphasis on, take advantage of等

　　Vi + adv + prep:

　　I don’t wish to break in on your thoughts.

　　The family came up against fresh problems.

　　You’re not telling me the whole story. You’re holding out on me.

　　She got off with him soon after she began to work at the institution.

　　Vt + O + adv +prep:

　　You shouldn’t take your resentment out on me.

　　We shouldn’t put the shortage down to bad planning.

　　形容詞加介詞

　　about --- anxious, careful, careless, certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure, timid, unhappy, etc

　　at --- awkward, bad, clever, disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless, weak, etc

　　for --- convenient, eligible, grateful, homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc

　　from --- evident, exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc

　　in --- deficient, expert, liberal, quick, rich, successful, weak, etc

　　of --- apprehensive, characteristic, critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent, jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy, etc

　　on --- dependent, keen, intent, etc

　　to --- acceptable, accessible, agreeable, alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential, favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable, related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc

　　with --- awkward, bored, careful, disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc