(二)同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)
同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式,并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。例如:
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on October 15, 2003.
(三)同位語從句連接詞的選用
1. 在英語中,引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞(that, who, whether),連接副詞(how, when, where)等。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
2. 表示“是否”的意思時(shí)只能用whether,不能用if。這一點(diǎn)與主語從句相似。例如:
The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains unknown.
3. 在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接;在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如:
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.
(四)同位語從句與定語從句的用法區(qū)別
(1)詞類不同
同位語從句的名詞只能是前面提到的幾個(gè)有限的、有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞;而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。
(2)性質(zhì)不同
定語從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對(duì)其前名詞的解釋,該名詞與同位語從句的關(guān)系可以用“主系表”來表達(dá)。例如:
We have all heard the news that our team has won.
名詞與其后的同位語從句可以表達(dá)為:
The news is that our team has won.
(3)引導(dǎo)詞不完全相同。
A. 有些引導(dǎo)詞如:how, whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。what不可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,但卻可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句。例如:
I have no idea what has happened to him.
B. 引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語或賓語,(指物時(shí)還可用which代替),如果在從句中作賓語?梢允÷。that在同位語從句中雖不充當(dāng)任何句子成份,但不能省略,也不能用which來代替。例如:
<1>The order that we should throw away our luggage was received yesterday.
<2>The order(that)we received yesterday was that we should throw away our luggage.
通過比較可知:第<1>句中的劃線部分是對(duì)名詞order的具體解釋,that只起到連接作用,但不能省;第<2>句中的劃線部分是名詞order的修飾語,that代指the order,在從句中充當(dāng)賓語,因而在句中可以省略。
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